Table 3.
The nutritional intakes that differed significantly between the three anxiety/depression severity groups.
| Nutrients | All Participants (n = 289) |
Anxiety | Depression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (n = 156) |
Moderate (n = 83) |
Severe (n = 50) |
p-Value a | Mild (n = 178) |
Moderate (n = 74) |
Severe (n = 37) |
p-Value a | ||
| Total energy (MJ) | 6.99 (1.98) | 6.83 (1.95) | 7.43 (2.07) | 6.76 (1.85) | 0.083 | 6.85 (1.90) | 7.42 (2.11) | 6.78 (2.03) | 0.167 |
| Protein (%E) | 16.3 (3.2) | 16.6 (3.4) | 15.9 (2.8) | 16.2 (2.9) | 0.236 | 16.8 (3.4) | 15.5 (2.3) | 15.9 (3.3) | 0.048 |
| Carbohydrate (%E) | 52.7 (7.9) | 52.3 (7.8) | 53.2 (8.5) | 52.9 (7.0) | 0.724 | 51.7 (7.9) | 54.7 (6.9) | 53.0 (9.0) | 0.027 |
| Soluble dietary fiber (g/MJ) | 0.50 (0.17) | 0.51 (0.18) | 0.46 (0.13) | 0.51 (0.19) | 0.155 | 0.52 (0.17) | 0.46 (0.15) | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.014 |
| Insoluble dietary fiber (g/MJ) | 1.35 (0.43) | 1.40 (0.46) | 1.25 (0.33) | 1.36 (0.47) | 0.082 | 1.41 (0.45) | 1.25 (0.38) | 1.24 (0.36) | 0.007 |
| Dietary fiber (g/MJ) | 1.90 (0.62) | 1.97 (0.66) | 1.77 (0.49) | 1.93 (0.68) | 0.102 | 2.00 (0.65) | 1.77 (0.57) | 1.74 (0.53) | 0.006 |
| Ash (g/MJ) | 2.65 (0.53) | 2.73 (0.58) | 2.50 (0.40) | 2.64 (0.50) | 0.015 | 2.7 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.4) | 2.5 (0.6) | 0.005 |
| Potassium (mg/MJ) | 397.1 (109.0) | 413.4 (116.2) | 366.2 (82.0) | 397.4 (115.7) | 0.015 | 417.2 (109.5) | 367.1 (101.5) | 360.3 (99.8) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/MJ) | 85.5 (29.1) | 103.3 (71.3) | 79.9 (25.6) | 84.1 (28.8) | 0.017 | 89.8 (29.2) | 78.6 (24.8) | 78.7 (33.5) | 0.002 |
| Magnesium (mg/MJ) | 37.7 (8.6) | 41.3 (19.0) | 35.7 (7.1) | 38.0 (8.7) | 0.029 | 39.2 (8.7) | 35.3 (7.6) | 36.7 (8.0) | 0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg/MJ) | 150.8 (32.4) | 154.4 (34.6) | 144.7 (29.2) | 149.3 (29.3) | 0.085 | 155.8 (33.9) | 142.2 (26.0) | 143.8 (32.4) | 0.008 |
| Iron (mg/MJ) | 1.16 (0.30) | 1.19 (0.31) | 1.09 (0.23) | 1.18 (0.31) | 0.056 | 1.21 (0.30) | 1.08 (0.26) | 1.10 (0.29) | 0.003 |
| Zinc (mg/MJ) | 1.12 (0.18) | 1.13 (0.18) | 1.10 (0.17) | 1.10 (0.18) | 0.271 | 1.15 (0.18) | 1.08 (0.16) | 1.08 (0.17) | 0.007 |
| β–Carotene (μg/MJ) | 649.1 (469.1) | 706.0 (544.3) | 545.8 (304.5) | 642.9 (415.6) | 0.042 | 712.5 (526.5) | 561.0 (341.1) | 520.0 (329.9) | 0.007 |
| Retinol equivalent (μg/MJ) | 109.2 (49.9) | 114.3 (54.9) | 97.0 (41.7) | 113.3 (43.4) | 0.030 | 114.4 (53.4) | 99.0 (40.9) | 104.0 (46.7) | 0.110 |
| Vitamin D (μg/MJ) | 1.94 (1.31) | 2.12 (1.41) | 1.72 (1.00) | 1.79 (1.40) | 0.044 | 2.07 (1.40) | 1.77 (0.95) | 1.69 (1.43) | 0.089 |
| α-Tocopherol (mg/MJ) | 1.09 (0.29) | 1.13 (0.31) | 1.03 (0.24) | 1.10 (0.29) | 0.056 | 1.13 (0.30) | 1.04 (0.26) | 0.99 (0.28) | 0.006 |
| Vitamin K (μg/MJ) | 52.9 (27.1) | 55.1 (29.4) | 48.2 (20.5) | 54.1 (28.7) | 0.394 | 56.3 (28.5) | 46.5 (22.5) | 49.8 (26.7) | 0.025 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/MJ) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.03) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.068 | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.10 (0.02) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/MJ) | 0.20 (0.05) | 0.20 (0.05) | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.20 (0.05) | 0.088 | 0.20 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.04) | 0.19 (0.06) | 0.005 |
| Niacin (mgNE/MJ) | 2.43 (0.63) | 2.49 (0.63) | 2.29 (0.60) | 2.47 (0.66) | 0.060 | 2.52 (0.62) | 2.25 (0.53) | 2.35 (0.78) | 0.009 |
| Vitamin B6 (μg/MJ) | 185.3 (47.6) | 192.0 (50.9) | 169.6 (41.5) | 182.9 (50.3) | 0.005 | 193.7 (48.3) | 167.3 (45.1) | 171.3 (49.9) | <0.001 |
| Folic acid (μg/MJ) | 53.2 (20.1) | 55.9 (21.8) | 47.8 (14.9) | 53.8 (20.8) | 0.016 | 56.8 (21.0) | 47.3 (17.3) | 47.7 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg/MJ) | 0.94 (0.19) | 0.96 (0.19) | 0.91 (0.18) | 0.95 (0.20) | 0.077 | 0.97 (0.19) | 0.88 (0.17) | 0.93 (0.22) | 0.002 |
| Vitamin C (mg/MJ) | 18.9 (8.3) | 20.0 (8.8) | 16.8 (6.5) | 19.0 (8.6) | 0.020 | 20.3 (8.5) | 17.2 (8.0) | 15.4 (5.9) | <0.001 |
Values are mean (standard deviation). NE—niacin equivalent, a Kruskal–Wallis test.