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. 2020 Nov 11;20(22):6443. doi: 10.3390/s20226443

Table 2.

Impedimetric MIP-based sensors for EDs detection.

Analyte Platform Linear Range LOD Real Sample Advantages Limitations Ref.
E2 MIP/GCE 1 aM–1 μM 0.36 aM human serum Low detection limit;
High stability		 Multiple preparation and optimization steps [44]
ATZ MIP/GFE 5–20 ppm - - High selectivity;
Simple modification protocol		 Narrow linear range [45]
BPA E-MIP/ITO 1–12 mM 0.42 mM - Selectivity Low sensitivity;
High detection limit;
Narrow linear range		 [46]
DBP MIP-PPY/PGE 0.01–1 μM 4.5 nM - Simple modification protocol Relatively high detection limit [47]
DDT PDA@Fe3O4-MIP MNPs in solution, EIS measurements on GCE 1 × 10−11–1 × 10−3 M 6 × 10−12 M radish Reusability;
Wide linear range		 Long assay time;
Multiple preparation and separation steps;
Requires a magnet		 [42]
DEHP MIP-APTES SAM/AuIDE 10–100 ppm - - Low sample volume Narrow linear range;
Requires electrode fabrication		 [48]
DEHP MIP/AuIDE, capacitive sensor 10–200 ppm - - Simple modification protocol Limited sensor reusability; Narrow linear range [49]
Testosterone poly(o-PD) MIP/GO/GCE 1 fM–1 μM 0.4 fM human serum Fast response time;
Low detection limit;
High stability		 - [50]
Tributyltin MIP-Fe3O4NPs/SPE 5 pM–5 μM 5.37 pM sea water Large active surface area;
High sensitivity;
Wide linear range		 Multiple separation and washing steps;
Requires a magnet		 [51]
ZEN poly(o-PD) MIP/SPGE 2.5–200 ng/mL 2.5 ng/mL corn flakes High selectivity;
Simple modification protocol;
Short incubation time		 Narrow linear range [43]

3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane: APTES; Au interdigitated electrode: AuIDE; gold nanoparticles: AuNP; electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer: E-MIP; graphite felt electrode: GFE; graphene oxide: GO; indium tin oxide: ITO; pencil graphite electrode: PGE; polypyrrole: PPY; self-assembled monolayer: SAM; screen-printed electrode: SPE; screen-printed graphene electrode: SPGE.