Table 1.

Flavonoids with anticancer properties.

Isolated from	Isolated Flavonoids	Total Flavonoid Content	Type of Cancer	Mechanism of Action	Anticancer Assay	Ref.
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)	Silybin or silibinin	N/A	cervical (HeLa) and hepatoma (Hep3B) human cancer cells	Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1a and mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling pathway	N/A	[65]
Silybin	Modified Flavonoids silybin derivatives namely 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS), 7-O-methylsilybin (7OM), 7-Ogalloylsilybin (7OG), 7,23-disulphatesilybin (DSS), 7-O-palmitoylsilybin (7OP), and 23-O-palmitoylsilybin (23OP)	N/A	human bladder cancer HTB9, colon cancer HCT116 and prostate carcinoma PC3 cells	silybin strongly synergizes human prostate carcinoma cells to doxorubicin-, cisplatin-, carboplatin-, and mitoxantrone-induced growth inhibition and apoptotic death	N/A	[66]
Silybum marianum	Silybin nanosuspension	N/A	human prostatic carcinoma PC-3 cell line	silybin nanosuspension induced PC-3 cell growth inhibition and Silybin nanosuspension-induced apoptosis may occur in the G1 phase.	N/A	[67]
Silybum marianum	Silibinin	N/A	MCF-7 breast cancer cells.	blocks rapamycin signaling with a concomitant reduction in translation initiation	N/A	[68]
Cnidoscolus quercifolius	N/A	N/A	prostate (PC3 and PC3-M) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells	N/A	N/A	[69]
Lasiosiphon eriocephalus	N/A	N/A	HeLa and MCF-7	N/A	N/A	[70]
Onions, Kale, French beans, lettuce etc	Quercetin	N/A	ovarian PA-1 cancer cell line	quercetin induces the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway, and thus, it inhibits the growth of 17 metastatic ovarian cancer cells	N/A	[71]
Stachys tmolea	Erbascoside, chlorogenic acid, andapigenin7-glucoside	Total flavonoids (mg QEs/g dry plant) 4.98 ± 0.06	N/A	N/A	N/A	[72]
Cassia occidentalis, Callistemon viminalis, Cleome viscosa and Mimosa hamata	N/A	C. viminalis (46.41 ± 2.23 mg of CAE/g DW) and M. hamata (40.33 ± 1.16 mg of CAE/g DW) followed by C. viscosa leaves (36.22 ± 0.74 mg of CAE/g DW), C. occidentalis (35.32 ± 0.70 mg of CAE/g DW) and C. viscosa root (33.63 ± 1.25 mg of CAE/g DW)	human breast cancer cell line MCF-7	anti-angiogenic activity via inhibition of blood constituents density in vessels	SRB assay	[73]
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra	N/A	N/A	human cancer cell lines (colon cancer cell line SW480, liver cancer cell line HepG2, cervical cancer line HeLa, and lung cancer line A549	N/A	MTT assay	[74]
Melodorum siamensis	N/A	N/A	pancreatic β cell line MIN-6 cells	Nuclear factor-κB inhibition	N/A	[75]