Table 4.

Flavonoids with Anti-Alzheimer’s effect.

Type of Flavonoid	Inhibition	Lead Compound	Mechanism	Ref.
Galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, fisetin, apigenin, luteolin and rutin	BChE	Galangin	Docking study showed that flavonoids bind to the BChE active site by forming multiple hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions.	[176]
7-Aminoalkyl-Substituted Flavonoid Derivatives	AChE and BChE	2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-7-(8-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) octyloxy)-4H-chromen-4-one	Compound targeted Catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE	[177]
Plectranthus scutellarioides flavonoids	AChE and BChE	flavonoids apigenin 7-O-(3′′-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucuronide, apigenin 5-O-(3′′-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucuronide	N/A	[178]
Salvia hispanica	AChE and BChE	Colored chia seeds	Rich in polyphenols, quercetin and 23 isoquercetin with a positive correlation with inhibition of ChEs activity	[179]
Nardostachys jatamansi	AChE and BChE	Leaves and rhizome of plant extracts	Presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoid and phenols	[180]
Leiotulus dasyanthus	AChE and BChE	pimpinellin (66.55%) and umbelliferone (40.99%)	N/A	[181]
Arceuthobium	AChE and BChE	Ethanolic Plant extract	Higher flavonoid phenol content exhibited higher inhibition by protecting the brain against oxidative stress	[182]
Salvia (sage) species	cholinesterase inhibition	Dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Salvia cryptantha	Strong inhibitory activity of the CH2Cl2 extract of aerial parts of S. cryptantha could also be presumed to emerge from its terpene content and synergic type interaction	[183]
Woundwort plants (Stachys species) flavonoids	AChE (MeOH), BChE inhibitory (EtOAc)	Stachys cretica	Apigenin, Hesperidin and Kaempferol have a positive correlation with inhibition of AChE and BChE	[174]