Table 2.

A summary of published fluorescent PSC-CM reporter systems.

Reporter Construct	Type of Promoter Used	Labelled Cell Population	Utility	Host PSC System	Transgenesis Method	Ref
Bry-GFP	Endogenous Bry	Mesoderm	Tracking mesodermal cell differentiation towards cardiogenic and haematopoietic lineages	mESC	HR by electroporation of the BAC-derived targeting vector into mESCs	[40]
MESP1-mCherry/NKX2.5-eGFP	Endogenous MESP1 and NKX2.5	Cardiac mesoderm (MESP1) and CPCs (NKX2.5)	Tracking of transition of cardiac mesoderm toward CPCs and subsequent CM differentiation	hESC	HR by electroporation of BAC-derived targeting vector into hESCs	[41]
NKX2.5-IRES- TagRed/TBX5-IRES-Clover	Endogenous NXK2.5 and TBX5	CPC subsets	Identification and characterisation of presumptive FHF, SHF, pro-pericardial and pre-endothelial progenitors	hiPSC	CRISPR/Cas9 editing in hiPSC at the NKX2.5 and TBX5 loci using plasmid-based lipofection	[45]
ISL1-cre dsRed	Endogenous ISL1	ISL1+ CPC	Characterisation of ISL1+ CPC derivation	hESC	HR by electroporation of BAC-derived ISL1-cre vector into hESCs followed by transfection of floxed dsRed vector	[44]
NKX2.5-GFP	Endogenous NKX2.5	NKX2.5+ CPC/CMs	Isolation of NKX2.5+ CPC and CMs	hESC	HR by electroporation of BAC-derived targeting vector	[47]
MYH6-GFP	Ectopic MYH6	Beating CMs	Purification of beating CMs and development of PSC-CM differentiation protocol	hESCs and hiPSCs	Lentiviral transduction/ random integration of the transgene into differentiating hPSCs	[48]
MYH6-eGFP	Ectopic MYH6	CM progenitor /beating CMs	Identification of early CM progenitor and purification of CMs	hESC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hESCs	[49]
MYH6-mCherry	Endogenous MYH6	Beating CMs	Purification of beating CMs for cardiotoxicity evaluation	hESC	CRISPR/Cas9 editing in hiPSC at the MYH6 locus using plasmid-based nucleofection	[50]
ACTC-mCherry-WPRE-EF1-neo¥	Ectopic ACTC	Beating CMs	Purification of CMs	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hiPSCs	[51]
TTN-GFP	Endogenous TTN	Beating CMs	Purification of beating CMs and, potentially, study of sarcomere functions	hiPSC	CRISPR/Cas9 editing in hiPSC at the TTN locus	[52]
NCX1-eGFP-WPRE	Ectopic NCX1	Beating CMs	Purification of beating CMs	hiPSC and hESC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hPSCs	[53]
MYL2-dsRed	Ectopic MYL2	Ventricular-like CMs	Purification of ventricular-like CMs	hESC	Lentiviral transduction/ random integration of the transgene into hESCs	[54]
MYL2-eGFP	Ectopic MYL2	Ventricular-like CMs	Purification of ventricular-like CMs	hESC	Lentriviral transduction/ random integration of the transgene into hESCs	[55]
Myl2-eGFP	Ectopic Myl2 promoter + human CMVehc	Ventricular-like CMs	Purification of ventricular-like CMs for cell transplantation study	mES	Random integration of the transgene into mESCs via electroporation delivery	[56]
MYL2-GFP φ	Ectopic MYL2	Ventricular-like CMs	Purification of ventricular-like CMs	hiPSC	Adenoviral transduction of the transgene into hiPSCs	[57]
MYL2-VSFP	Ectopic MYL2 promoter-enhancer	Ventricular-like CMs	Purification of ventricular-like CMs and study of optical AP	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hiPSC	[58]
MYL7-GFP φ	Ectopic MYL7	Atrial-like CMs	Identification of atrial-like CMs	hiPSC	Adenoviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hiPSC	[57]
SLN-tdTomato	Endogenous SLN	Atrial-like CMs	Purification of atrial-like CMs	hiPSC	HR by electroporation of recombineered BAC DNA into hiPSCs	[59]
SLN-VSFP	Ectopic SLN	Atrial-like CMs	Purification of atrial-like CMs and study of optical AP	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hiPSC	[58]
NKX2.5-GFP/NR2F2-mCherry	Endogenous NR2F2 and NKX2.5	Atrial-like CMs	Identification and purification of atrial-like cells and functional study of NR2F2	hESC	CRISPR/Cas9 targeting (NR2F2-mCherry) into NKX2.5-GFP hESC reporter line [47]	[60]
cGATA6-eGFP	Ectopic cGATA6 promoter-enhancer	Nodal-like cells	Identification and purification of nodal-like cells and development of PSC-derived nodal cell differentiation protocol	hESC	Lentriviral transduction/ random integration of the transgene into differentiated hESC-CMs	[61]
SHOX2-VSFP	Ectopic SHOX2	Nodal-like cells	Purification of nodal-like CMs and study of optical AP	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hiPSC	[58]
CAG-Arclight	Synthetic CAG	Ubiquitous	Overexpression of Arclight GEVI for optical AP recording in normal and pathological condition in engineered heart tissue	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into healthy individual derived hiPSCs and long QT2 patient-derived hiPSCs	[62]
TNNT2-GCaMP5G	Ectopic TNNT2	Beating CMs	Overexpression of GCAPMP5 GECI for optical CT recording in normal and pathological condition in engineered heart tissue	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into healthy individual derived hiPSCs and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 2 patient-derived hiPSCs	[62]
CaViar (CMV-Arch(D95N)-linker-GCaMP5G-WPRE)	Ectopic CMV promoter-enhancer	Ubiquitous	Overexpression of Arch(D95N) GEVI and GCaPMP5 GECI for simultaneous recordings of AP and CT	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into hiPSC	[62]
CaViar (CMV-QuasAr2-linker-GCaMP6f-WPRE) OR CaMKIIa-Cheriff-eGFP	Ectopic CMV promoter-enhancer OR ectopic Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIa) promoter	Ubiquitous	Overexpression of QuasAr2 GEVI and GCaMP5f GECI for simultaneous optical AP and CT recordings in combination with overexpression of optogenetic Cheriff for synchronising CM contraction	hiPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into differentiated hiPSC-CMs	[63]
CAG-hChR2-mCherryφ	Synthetic CAG	Ubiquitous	Transient overexpression of the optogenetic ChR2 for frequency-dependent drug screening purpose	hiPSC	Adenoviral transduction of the transgene vector into differentiated hiPSC-CMs	[64]
CAG-GCaMP3 OR CAG-GCaMP6s OR GAG-G-GECO1.0	Synthetic CAG	Ubiquitous	Overexpression of a different GECI version for optimising optical CT imaging in rhesus iPSC-CMs	Rhesus iPSC	CRISPR/Cas9 editing in rhiPSC at the AAVS1 locus via plasmid-based chemical transfection	[65]
CMV-tri reporter	Ectopic CMV	Ubiquitous	Overexpression of luciferase (for bioluminescent cell tracking after transplantation), mRFP (purification of transduced cells) and thymidine kinase (following dividing cells and tumouriginicity)	miPSC	Lentiviral transduction/random integration of the transgene into miPSC	[66]

^¥; WPRE, Woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element used for enhancing gene expression; EF1α, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α promoter driving neomycin resistant gene expression (neo). ^φ; transient lines.