Table 2.
Average value or range of main mineral elements (macro- and microminerals) found in almond kernel in the literature (mg/100 g).
| Ash (g/100 g) | K | P | Ca | Mg | S | Cl | Na | Fe | Cu | Mn | Zn | Origin | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 435 | 577 | 298 | 299 | 587 | 2.27 | 3.4 | 0.96 | 1.36 | 3.04 | Spain | [7] | ||
| 2.69–3.6 | 821 | 585 | 275 | 281 | 130 | 14 | 10.8 | 4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 3.8 | Spain | [15] |
| 618–785 | 345–507 | 88–124 | 242–285 | 4.7–15.5 | 3.5–5.3 | 1–1.6 | 1.1–1.7 | 3.4–3.9 | Spain | [18] | |||
| 2.74–3.05 | 1373.8 | 873.8 | 243.2 | 351 | 32.6 | 23.4 | 1 | 5 | Turkey | [40] | |||
| 1546–1685 | 253–259 | 640–678 | 447–494 | 5.5–6.5 | 2.4–2.6 | 3.8 | 7.6–8.0 | [63] | |||||
| 1050 | 300 | 467 | 30 | 7.0 | 0.5 | 3.4 | Italy | [74] | |||||
| 3.03–4.66 | 1677–2051 | 404–800 | 98–187 | 361–513 | 5.66–10.38 | 3.98–14.6 | 1.60–2.30 | 2.90–3.39 | 7.78–8.84 | Turkey | [54] | ||
| - | 465–1235 | 119–748 | 160 -663 | 100–333 | France, Italy and Greece | [41] | |||||||
| 2.3–3.4 | 543–902 | 364–548 | 198–373 | 224–303 | 2.58–4.47 | 0.46–1.57 | 1.31–3.98 | 2.02–4.03 | California | [9] | |||
| 3.29–4.66 | 679–986 | 584–697 | 250–332 | 325–381 | 9.20–16.06 | 6.08–10.62 | 2.02–3.97 | 2.52–4.76 | 4.80–9.53 | Turkey | [48] * | ||
| 5.0 | 539.2 | 542.4 | 7.15 | 2.37 | 2.58 | 4.97 | South Africa | [51] | |||||
| 133.25 | 450.0 | 6.25 | India | [76] |
* Referred to non-dried matter. K: potassium; P: phosphorus; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur; Cl: chloride; Na: sodium; Fe: iron; Cu: copper; Mn: manganese.