Table 1.
Analytical characteristics of olive mill wastewater (OMWs) from the batch (BP), two-phase (2P) and three-phase (3P) processes and some integrated membrane processes proposed in literature.
| Process | pH | EC | TSS | COD | Ph | Ch | Proposed Process | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mS/cm) | (g/L) | (g/L) | (mg/L) | (g/L) | ||||
| BP | 4.5–5 | 0.1–2.7 | 65.7–130 | 1.2–2.4% | 2.2–4.5 | [5] | ||
| 4.5 | 9.0 | 12% | −180.0 | - | - | [21] | ||
| 4.5 | - | 8.0 | 47.8 | 3740 | - | UF-NF | [22] | |
| 4.7 | - | 7.8 | 59.1 | 4560 | - | |||
| 2P | 5.1 | 1.8 | - | 13.4 | 749 | - | NF | [23] |
| 5.25 | 2.1 | - | 14.0 | 776 | - | |||
| 5.5 | 2.2 | - | 4.2 | - | - | NF | [24] | |
| 4.9 | 1.7 | 5.6 | 16.4 | 181 | - | RO | [25] | |
| 4.9 | 1.3 | 0.6% | 7.8 | - | [21] | |||
| 3P | 4.7–5.2 | - | 0.9–27.6 | 40–103.4 | 0.37–0.5% | 1.5–4.7 | [5] | |
| 5.0 | - | 17.6 | 212 | - | MF-NF-OD | [11] | ||
| - | - | 44 | 107.2 | 2640 | 12.3 | UF-NF-RO | [26] | |
| 5.4 | 7.9 | 6.6% | 151.4 | - | - | [21] | ||
| 5.13 | 5.08 | 11.7 | 16.5 | 850 | 13.1 | UF-NF-RO | [27] |
EC = Electrical conductivity; TSS = Total Suspended Solids; TOC = Total Organic Compounds; COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand; Ph = Polyphenols; Ch = Carbohydrates.