. 2020 Nov 16;12(11):3386. doi: 10.3390/cancers12113386

Table 2.

Data showing the potential role of EVs as a contrast media or radiolabel in radiology and nuclear medicine.

Imaging Modality	EVs Origin	Type of Contrast Media /Radiolabel	Application	Reference
Computed tomography	Melanoma cells	Folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles	Melanoma	Lara, P., J Nanobiotechnology, 2020 [65]
Computed tomography	mesenchymal stem cells	Glucose-coated gold nanoparticles	Brain	Perets, N., Nano Lett., 2019 [66]
Computed tomography	Mesenchymal stem cells	Glucose-coated gold nanoparticle	Brain	Betzer, O., ACS Nano, 2017 [67]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Macrophage cell	Gadolinium infused liposomes	Mouse osteosarcoma	Rayamajhi, S., Biomater Sci, 2020 [77]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells	Gadolinium	Osteosarcoma	Abello, J., Theranostics 2019 [91]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Mesenchymal stem cells	Ferritin heavy chain	Different conditions	Liu, T., Magn. Reson. Imaging, 2020 [76]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with rhodamine	Phantom	Dabrowska, S., Int J Nanomedicine, 2018 [75]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Melanoma cells	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Lymph nodes	Hu, L., Magn. Reson. Med., 2015 [69]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Melanoma cells	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Phantom	Hood, J.L., Anal. Biochem., 2014 [68]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Mesenchymal stem cells	Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Animal model	Busato, A., Int J Nanomedicine, 2016 [70]
Single-photon emission computed tomography	Macrophage cell line	Technetium derivative	Whole body	Hwang, D.W., Sci. Rep., 2015 [86]
Single-photon emission computed tomography	Erythrocyte	⁹⁹mTc-tricarbonyl complex	Whole body	Varga, Z., Cancer Biother. Radiopharm., 2016 [87]
Gamma counter	4T1, MCF-7, and PC3 cancer cell lines	Indium-oxine	Tumor-bearing mouse models	Smyth, T., J. Control. Release, 2015 [88]
Single-photon emission computed tomography	Natural milk	⁹⁹mTcCl₄	Biodistribution	Gonzalez, M.I., Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 [89]
Positron emission tomography	Mouse liver proliferative cells	[¹²⁴I]Na	Biodistribution	Royo, F., Nanoscale, 2019 [90]
Positron emission tomography	4T1 breast cancer cells	(⁶⁴Cu)-radiolabeled polyethylene glycol	Tumor uptake	Shi, S., Bioconjug. Chem., 2019 [92]
Single-photon emission computed tomography	Genetically engineered cells	[⁹⁹mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]	HER2 receptors	Molavipordanjani, S., Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2020 [93]
Single-photon emission computed tomography	Melanoma (B16F10) cells	¹¹¹Indium	Whole body	Faruqu, F.N., Theranostics, 2019 [94]