Table 4.

Therapeutic and diagnostic application of EVs in a treatment attempt.

Modality	EVs Origin	Type of Contrast Media	Therapeutic Mechanism/Application	Reference
Magnetic resonance imaging	Cancer cell lines (4T1, HepG2, and SKBR3)	Gold–iron oxide nanoparticles	Anti-miR-21. Phototherapy treatment.	Bose, R.J.C., ACS Nano, 2018 [97]
Magnetic resonance imaging	MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Olaparib (PARP inhibitor)	Jung, K.O., Biomaterials, 2018 [104]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Macrophage cells	Iron oxide nanoparticles	Chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and two photosensitizers	Silva, A.K., Nanomedicine, 2015 [101]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Lung fibroblast cell	Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle	Anticancer drug (doxorubicin)	Srivastava, A., Sci. Rep., 2016 [103]
Magnetic resonance imaging	Macrophage cell line Raw264.7	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Curcumin (Cur) and neuropilin-1-targeted peptide	Jia, G., Biomaterials, 2018 [102]