8-OHdG	8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
8-oxodG	8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine
ACF	Aberrant crypt foci
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AOM	Azoxymethane
APC	Adenomatous polyposis coli
AR	Aldose reductase
ARE	Antioxidant responsive element
αSMA	α-smooth muscle actin
ATG4	Autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BER	Base excision repair
CAFs	Cancer-associated fibroblasts
CD	Crohn’s disease
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase – 2
CRC	Colorectal cancer
CSC	Cancer stem cells
dG	Deoxyguanosine
dGTP	Deoxyguanosine triphosphate
DR	Death receptor
DUOX	Dual oxidase
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ETC	Electron transport chain
FAP	Fibroblast activation protein
FGFR4	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
FLIP	Flice inhibitory protein
GIT	Gastrointestinal tract
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HDACIs	Histone deacetylase inhibitors
HIF-1α	Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit
HNE	4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
IBD	Inflammatory bowel diseases
JAK	Janus kinases
JNK	c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LCN-2	Lipocalin-2
LN	Lymphoid nodules
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MDSC	Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
MMR	Mismatch repair
MTHFD2	Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
MYH	MutY homologue
NAC	N-acetyl-l-cysteine
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NEMO	Nuclear factor-kappa B essential modulator
NER	Nucleotide excision repair
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NOD/SCID	Non-obese diabetic/Severe combined immunodeficient
NO-NSAIDs	Nitric oxide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
NOX	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
NOXA1	NOX Activator 1
NOXO1	NOX Organizer 1
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
NRX	Nucleoredoxin
OGG1	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PDT	Photodynamic therapy
PG	Prostaglandin
PHD	Prolyl hydroxylase
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PKC	Protein kinase C
PMA	Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
PPP	Pentose phosphate pathway
PS	Pterostilbene
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
PTP	Protein tyrosine phosphatase
PUFAs	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
RIP	Receptor interacting protein
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RTK	Receptor tyrosine kinase
SNPs	Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
Sp	Specificity protein
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
TAK1	TGF-β1-TGF-β-activated kinase 1
TAMs	Tumor-associated Macrophages
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TIGAR	TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TRAIL	TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
UC	Ulcerative colitis
uPA	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VPS34	Vacuolar protein sorting 34
Wnt	Wingless-related integration site
XIAP	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
ZEB	Zinc finger-E-box-binding