Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of different design strategies for preparing conductive hydrogels.

Design Strategies	Advantages	Disadvantages
In situ polymerization	One-step preparation Homogenous polymerization	Potential cytotoxic unreactive oxidants and monomers Requirement of designing chemical synthesis process
Post polymerization	Endowing conductivity to preformed hydrogel Potential conductive coating method	Potential cytotoxic unreactive oxidants and monomers Extra polymerization step
Composite strategies	Controllable conductivity No potential cytotoxic unreactive oxidants and monomers	Heterogeneous distribution of additives Toxicity of conductive additives