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. 2020 Nov 12;21(22):8530. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228530

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Microarray experiments and the bioinformatic workflow. (A) Quantitation of calcification in cells subjected to HP and HP + astaxanthin at day 3 (left) and 7 (right). (B) Osteoblastic differentiation genes’ (left, RUNX2; right, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) expression levels in cells undergoing different treatments. (C) The algorithm of sequentially analyzing transcriptomic data generated from Affymetrix microarray experiments. *** p < 0.001 compared with the reference group; A, astaxanthin; Ctrl, control; DE, differential expression; HP, high phosphate.