Table 5.
Nutrient intake according to grouping of recommended fruits and vegetables intake.
<400 g | ≥400 g | Unadjusted p-Value (1) | Adjusted p-Value (2) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |||
Total | n = 5364 | n = 2972 | ||||
Energy (kcal) | 1489.49 | 9.88 | 1953.77 | 14.52 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 263.28 | 1.78 | 345.65 | 2.60 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Protein (g) | 47.45 | 0.37 | 66.71 | 0.68 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fat (g) | 22.06 | 0.29 | 32.92 | 0.55 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Calcium (mg) | 345.95 | 3.88 | 549.34 | 8.09 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 754.95 | 5.83 | 1113.24 | 10.22 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Iron (mg) | 11.99 | 0.19 | 18.18 | 0.28 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Sodium (mg) | 2672.00 | 30.17 | 3663.48 | 51.49 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Potassium (mg) | 2051.24 | 17.31 | 3669.93 | 33.65 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Vitamin A (μg RE) | 405.54 | 9.88 | 763.70 | 19.18 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Carotene (μg) | 2254.53 | 56.76 | 4318.12 | 109.99 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Retinol (μg) | 52.70 | 2.28 | 90.26 | 6.05 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Thiamine (mg) | 1.28 | 0.01 | 1.88 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.88 | 0.01 | 1.39 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Niacin (mg) | 9.79 | 0.09 | 15.11 | 0.17 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 46.19 | 0.86 | 148.68 | 3.69 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Energy contribution (%, SE) | ||||||
Carbohydrate | 74.38 | 0.17 | 71.84 | 0.23 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Protein | 12.73 | 0.06 | 13.57 | 0.08 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fat | 12.89 | 0.13 | 14.59 | 0.18 | <0.0001 | 0.3377 |
65–74 years | n = 2905 | n = 2104 | ||||
Energy (kcal) | 1593.25 | 13.59 | 2031.21 | 17.54 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 275.21 | 2.42 | 356.56 | 3.04 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Protein (g) | 51.78 | 0.53 | 69.78 | 0.81 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fat (g) | 24.91 | 0.41 | 34.99 | 0.65 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Calcium (mg) | 379.23 | 5.61 | 570.96 | 9.37 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 825.61 | 8.02 | 1162.84 | 11.99 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Iron (mg) | 12.82 | 0.17 | 18.75 | 0.37 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Sodium (mg) | 2886.34 | 40.91 | 3802.07 | 63.36 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Potassium (mg) | 2229.11 | 22.99 | 3821.27 | 41.43 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Vitamin A (μg RE) | 441.75 | 12.32 | 786.78 | 23.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Carotene (μg) | 2434.66 | 72.36 | 4414.70 | 129.11 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Retinol (μg) | 59.67 | 3.01 | 98.41 | 8.62 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Thiamine (mg) | 1.39 | 0.02 | 1.95 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.97 | 0.01 | 1.45 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Niacin (mg) | 10.76 | 0.12 | 15.82 | 0.21 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 49.70 | 1.11 | 154.95 | 4.21 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Energy contribution (%, SE) | ||||||
Carbohydrate | 73.32 | 0.21 | 71.33 | 0.26 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Protein | 13.01 | 0.08 | 13.68 | 0.09 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fat | 13.67 | 0.17 | 14.98 | 0.21 | <0.0001 | 0.3620 |
≥75 years | n = 2459 | n = 868 | ||||
Energy (kcal) | 1375.45 | 12.84 | 1776.76 | 22.05 | <0.0001 | 0.0006 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 250.17 | 2.40 | 320.73 | 4.16 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Protein (g) | 42.70 | 0.48 | 59.69 | 1.06 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fat (g) | 18.93 | 0.37 | 28.17 | 0.84 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Calcium (mg) | 309.38 | 4.73 | 499.94 | 12.65 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 677.30 | 7.18 | 999.85 | 15.83 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Iron (mg) | 11.09 | 0.33 | 16.87 | 0.36 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Sodium (mg) | 2436.42 | 43.54 | 3346.67 | 83.64 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Potassium (mg) | 1855.75 | 21.80 | 3324.00 | 49.97 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Vitamin A (μg RE) | 365.73 | 13.73 | 710.93 | 33.04 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Carotene (μg) | 2056.55 | 77.10 | 4097.34 | 195.29 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Retinol (μg) | 45.04 | 3.50 | 71.63 | 5.85 | 0.0007 | <0.0001 |
Thiamine (mg) | 1.17 | 0.01 | 1.73 | 0.03 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Riboflavin (mg) | 0.78 | 0.01 | 1.25 | 0.03 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Niacin (mg) | 8.73 | 0.12 | 13.48 | 0.25 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 42.34 | 1.13 | 134.36 | 5.04 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Energy contribution (%, SE) | ||||||
Carbohydrate | 75.56 | 0.24 | 73.01 | 0.42 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Protein | 12.42 | 0.09 | 13.31 | 0.16 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fat | 12.03 | 0.18 | 13.68 | 0.32 | <0.0001 | 0.8242 |
(1)p-value calculated using t-test; (2)p-value calculated using general lineal model (energy intake was adjusted for gender, age, and food intake; other nutrients were adjusted for gender, age, and energy intake.