Table 3.
Hierarchical regression analyses: Effects of individual background and gratitude variables on subjective well-being (female group; n = 460).
| Variables | Subjective Well-Being | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWLS | Hope | PA | NA | |||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Individual backgrounds | ||||||||
| Age | 0.112 * | 0.024 | −0.027 | −0.097 * | 0.065 | 0.066 | −0.252 *** | −0.203 *** |
| Education | −0.004 | −0.048 | 0.058 | 0.006 | −0.001 | −0.007 | −0.069 | −0.049 * |
| Economic status | 0.233 *** | 0.111 ** | 0.163 * | 0.058 | 0.035 | 0.023 | −0.079 | −0.026 |
| Religion (Yes = 1) | 0.112 * | 0.056 | 0.098 | 0.034 | 0.049 | 0.019 | 0.044 | 0.033 |
| Gratitude | ||||||||
| GQ–6 | 0.413 *** | 0.449 *** | 0.182 * | 0.017 | ||||
| GAC | 0.240 *** | 0.173 *** | −0.072 | −0.239 *** | ||||
| F (df) | 9.788 (4) | 36.459 (5) | 4.428 (4) | 29.290 (5) | 1.016 (4) | 2.597 (5) | 8.593 (4) | 9.749 (5) |
| R2 (ΔR2) | 0.089 (0.080) | 0.355 (0.346) | 0.041 (0.032) | 0.298 (0.288) | 0.010 (0.000) | 0.037 (0.023) | 0.078 (0.069) | 0.126 (0.113) |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. β = Standardized coefficient. Model 1 contained individual background variables; Model 2 contained individual background and gratitude variables.