(A) UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of core and core@shell UCNPs (400–850 nm). (B) Zeta potentials of UCNPs@SiO2, UCNPs@SiO2, UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG, and UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG/TCPP (n = 3). * p < 0.001 over UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG; ** p < 0.005 over UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG/TCPP; *** p < 0.005 over UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG. (C) UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra (450–750 nm) and (D) singlet oxygen generation assay of DW, free TCPP, UCNPs@SiO2@ FA/PEG, and UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG/TCPP (DW: 808 nm, 1.5 W/cm2; free TCPP: 0.5 µg/mL, 660 nm, 10 mW/cm2; UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG: 808 nm, 1.5 W/cm2; UCNPs@ SiO2@FA/PEG/TCPP: 0.35 µg/mL, 808 nm, 1.5 W/cm2) (n =3). * p < 0.001 over Dw and UCNPs@SiO2@FA/PEG.