Table 4.

Neuromonitoring recommendations for pediatric and neonatal patients on ECMO support

Age group	ECMO indication	Recommendation
Neonatal	Respiratory failure	• Serial cranial ultrasound while on ECMO • Brain MRI prior to discharge • Continuous EEG monitoring for at least 24 hours
Pediatric	Respiratory failure	• Head CT or brain MRI prior to discharge • Continuous EEG monitoring for at least 24 hours
Neonatal Pediatric	Cardiac failure	• Screening cranial ultrasound and more definitive neuroimaging (head CT) as needed during ECMO • Brain MRI prior to discharge • Continuous EEG monitoring for at least 24 hours

ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, CT = computed tomography, EEG = electroencephalography