Figure 9.

Effects of PS, PS-COOH, and PS-NH₂ at different concentrations on cell viability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in HepG2 cells. (a) The cytotoxicity of the NPs was measured in HepG2 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. (b) The MDA level for oxidative stress in HepG2 cells after treatment of NPs was detected using the corresponding detection kit. Control indicates HepG2 cells treated with the vehicle. ** p < 0.05, according to the analysis of variance test [20]. (Reprinted with permission from [20]. Copyright 2017 Elsev.)