Table 6.
Multiple Models
| Independent Variables | Exposed to Hate Messages Online | Encountered Someone Trying to Convince the Respondent of Racist Views |
|---|---|---|
| Dichotomous and Continuous Predictors | OR (95% CI) | |
| School year (10th grade and above vs. 9th grade) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) |
| Race (White vs. Non-white) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 1.9 (0.9–4) |
| Gender (Female vs. Male) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 1 (0.4–2.7) |
| Time spent online (≥3 h vs. <3 h) | 2.4 (1.3–4.3) ** | NA |
| Removed a stranger from your social media followers (Yes vs. No) | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | NA |
| Communicated with strangers on social media (Sometimes/Often vs. Never/No social media account) | 1.7 (1–2.9) * | NA |
| Played online video games (Sometimes/Often vs. Never) | NA | 1.2 (0.4–3.8) |
| Parents have rules for what you do online (Any level of rule vs. Do not have rules) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | NA |
| Benign Online Disinhibition | 1.06 (1–1.12) * | 1.19 (1.09–1.31) ** |
| Academic performance (≥C+ vs. ≤C) | 3.4 (1.5–7.7) ** | NA |
| Categorical Predictors with 3+ Categories | Chi–Squared (df); p-value | |
| Chatting with someone you have never met while gaming online | NA | 0.52 (2); p-value = 0.77 |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.