Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients without and with post-stroke depression in hospital. (All included patients).
| Variable | Data | No Depression n = 238 (45.42%) | Depression n = 286 (54.58%) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender * | 524 | 143/238 (60.08) | 122/286 (42.66) | <0.001 |
| Age [years] ** | 524 | 68 (60–78) | 71 (62–80) | 0.022 |
| Higher education * | 518 | 49/235 (20.85) | 49/283 (17.31) | 0.306 |
| Length of education [years] ** | 515 | 11 (10–14) | 11 (10–13) | 0.122 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke * | 524 | 12/238 (5.04) | 16/286 (5.59) | 0.780 |
| TOAST classification: | ||||
| - large-artery atherosclerosis * | 457 | 27/210 (12.86) | 28/247 (11.34) | 0.618 |
| - cardioembolism * | 457 | 11/210 (5.24) | 15/247 (6.07) | 0.701 |
| - small-vessel occlusion * | 457 | 63/210 (30.00) | 79/247 (31.98) | 0.648 |
| - other determined etiology * | 457 | 107/210 (50.95) | 122/247 (49.39) | 0.740 |
| - undetermined etiology * | 457 | 2/210 (0.95) | 3/247 (1.21) | 0.855 |
| Side of stroke: | ||||
| - right hemisphere * | 524 | 93/238 (39.09) | 136/286 (47.55) | 0.051 |
| - left hemisphere * | 524 | 112/238 (47.06) | 105/286 (36.71) | 0.017 |
| - posterior part * | 524 | 31/238 (13.03) | 35/286 (12.24) | 0.787 |
| - more than one localization * | 524 | 2/238 (0.84) | 10/286 (3.50) | 0.084 |
| rt-Pa treatment * | 524 | 68/238 (28.57) | 52/286 (18.18) | 0.007 |
| Thrombectomy * | 524 | 12/238 (5.04) | 12/286 (4.20) | 0.645 |
| Medical history: | ||||
| - hypertension * | 524 | 158/238 (66.39) | 206/286 (72.03) | 0.163 |
| - diabetes * | 524 | 49/238 (20.59) | 92/286 (32.17) | 0.003 |
| - atrial fibrillation * | 524 | 39/238 (16.39) | 54/286 (18.88) | 0.457 |
| - myocardial infraction * | 524 | 33/238 (13.87) | 40/286 (13.99) | 0.968 |
| - PCI or CABG * | 524 | 22/238 (9.24) | 25/286 (8.74) | 0.841 |
| - smoking—ever * | 523 | 118/237 (49.79) | 149/286 (52.10) | 0.599 |
| - smoking—current * | 523 | 62/237 (26.16) | 86/286 (30.07) | 0.323 |
| - previous stroke or TIA * | 522 | 32/237 (13.50) | 60/285 (21.05) | 0.024 |
| CIRS, total score ** | 524 | 7 (5–11) | 10 (6–13) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia * | 524 | 8/238 (3.36) | 23/286 (8.04) | 0.038 |
| Urinary tract infections * | 505 | 58/232 (25.00) | 81/273 (29.67) | 0.242 |
| Length of hospital stay [days] ** | 524 | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–11) | 0.320 |
| Aphasia in hospital * | 524 | 53/238 (22.27) | 50/286 (17.48) | 0.170 |
| Neglect in hospital * | 524 | 22/238 (9.24) | 34/286 (11.89) | 0.329 |
| Vision deficits in hospital * | 524 | 59/238 (24.79) | 89/286 (31.12) | 0.109 |
| Delirium in hospital* | 524 | 25/238 (10.50) | 66/286 (23.08) | <0.001 |
| AES score at 7–10th day in hospital ** | 480 | 29 (20–38) | 34 (25–43) | <0.001 |
| STAI-S score at 7–10th day in hospital ** | 520 | 32 (27–39) | 42 (33–52) | <0.001 |
| STAI-T score at 7–10th day in hospital ** | 519 | 35 (30–41.5) | 47 (40–54) | <0.001 |
| NIHSS at admission ** | 524 | 4 (2–8) | 4 (2–9) | 0.649 |
| Pre-hospital mRS ** | 524 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.002 |
| Pre-hospital IQCODE ** | 436 | 78 (78–79) | 78 (78–83) | 0.007 |
| CRP level in hospital [mg/l] ** | 507 | 3.82 (1.63–10.34) | 5.75 (2.04–18.60) | 0.003 |
* n (%); ** median (IQR); TOAST—Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; rt-Pa—recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; PCI—percutaneous coronary interventions; CABG—coronary artery bypass graft; TIA—transient ischemic attack; CIRS—Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; AES—Apathy Evaluation Scale; STAI—State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S—state scale, T—trait scale); NIHSS—National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS—Modified Rankin Scale; IQCODE—Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; CRP—C-reactive protein.