. 2020 Nov 17;9(11):2497. doi: 10.3390/cells9112497

Table 2.

Summary of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to Schwann cells (SC) differentiation protocols. The table can be split between the progenitor cell stages (columns 3–6) and the Schwann cell stage (columns 7–11). The key markers used to identify the differentiated cell types include common Schwann cell markers such as Sox10, GFAP, S100β, and p^75NGFR as well as neural crest cell markers AP2 and Slug. Information on whether the differentiation from the progenitor to the SC stage was direct or spontaneous is included in column 8. If the Schwann cells’ functionality was tested can be seen in the very right column (In vitro: myelinating culture with rat DRG neurons. In vivo: seeded in nerve guidance conduit in a rat sciatic nerve injury model). Only two studies [85,90] included in vivo testing of their iPSC-derived SCs.

			Progenitor Cell Stages			Schwann Cell Stages
Study	Source iPSC	Culture Condition	Type	Duration (days)	Cell Markers	Induction Medium	Type of Induction	Duration (days)	Cell Markers	Functionality Analysis
Wang et al. 2011 [87]	Human	Medium 1 + 2	Neural crest	22	p75^NGFR, HNK1 Vimentin, Nestin Slug, AP2α	Medium 3	Directly	≥14	S100β, GFAP	None
Liu et al. 2012 [89]	Human	Medium 4	Neural crest	14	p75^NGFR, HNK1, Sox9, Sox10, CD44	Medium 5	Directly	40	GFAP, S100, p75^NGFR	In vitro
Kreitzer et al. 2013 [88]	Human	Medium 7, KSR medium, N2 medium, Medium 2, GlutaMAX	Neural crest	8	p75^NGFR, HNK1 AP2α, Sox10	Medium 2 GlutaMAX	Spontaneous in vitro	Not mentioned	GFAP	None
Huang et al. 2017 [90]	Human	Medium 2	Neural crest	20	HNK1, AP2α, Sox10	Medium 3 KnockOut DMEM/F12	Directly	21	S100β, GFAP	In vivo
Kim et al. 2017 [85]	Human	Medium 8	SC precursor	24	Sox 10, CDH19, MPZ, GAP43	Medium 9	Directly	≥ 7	NGFR, S100, EGR2, MPZ	In vitro and in vivo
Okawa et al. 2013 [86]	Mouse	Medium 6 BMP4	Neural crest	12	p75^NGFR, AP2α	Medium 6	Spontaneous after implantation	14	S100β	None

AP2α: activating enhancer binding Protein 2 alpha. BMP4: bone morphogenetic protein 4. CDH19: Cadherin 19. EGR2: early growth response protein 2. GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein. HNK1: human natural killer-1. MPZ: myelin protein zero. NGFR: nerve growth factor receptor. S100/S100β: calcium binding protein.