Table 3.
Treatments among patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and among survivors and non-survivors
| All patients (n = 1255) | All patients (n = 1255) |
Patients discharged alive or died (n = 1208) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without ARDS (n = 794) | With ARDS (n = 461) | P-value | Discharge alive (n = 940) | Died (n = 268) | P-value | ||
| Oxygen support | |||||||
| Supplemental oxygen | 1025 (81.7) | 564 (71.0) | 461 (100.0) | <0.001 | 720 (76.6) | 261 (97.4) | <0.001 |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy/non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 345 (27.5) | 0 (0) | 345 (74.8) | <0.001 | 146 (15.5) | 191 (71.3) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 113 (9.0) | 0 (0) | 113 (24.5) | <0.001 | 31 (3.3) | 47 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Antiviral treatmenta | |||||||
| LPV/r + HCQ | 555 (44.2) | 426 (53.7) | 129 (28.0) | <0.001 | 459 (48.8) | 84 (31.3) | <0.001 |
| LPV/r + HCQ + IFN-β1b | 411 (32.7) | 192 (24.2) | 219 (47.5) | <0.001 | 261 (27.8) | 132 (49.3) | <0.001 |
| LPV/r + HCQ + AZT b | 97 (7.7) | 55 (6.9) | 42 (9.1) | 0.163 | 72 (7.7) | 15 (5.6) | 0.249 |
| LPV/r + HCQ + IFN-β1b + AZT c | 89 (7.1) | 41 (5.2) | 48 (10.4) | <0.001 | 73 (7.8) | 11 (4.1) | 0.038 |
| LPV/r monotherapy | 53 (4.2) | 45 (5.7) | 8 (1.7) | 0.001 | 41 (4.4) | 12 (4.5) | 0.935 |
| HCQ monotherapy | 23 (1.8) | 18 (2.3) | 5 (1.1) | 0.004 | 16 (1.7) | 5 (1.9) | 0.310 |
| HCQ + AZT | 20 (1.6) | 13 (1.6) | 7 (1.5) | 0.871 | 16 (1.7) | 4 (1.5) | 0.813 |
| RDV d | 31 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 31 (6.7) | <0.001 | 12 (1.3) | 11 (4.1) | 0.003 |
| Corticosteroids | |||||||
| Corticosteroids e | 317 (25.23) | 71 (8.9) | 246 (53.4) | <0.001 | 167 (17.8) | 113 (42.2) | <0.001 |
| Low–intermediate dosages | 225 (17.9) | 42 (5.3) | 183 (39.7) | 0.013 | 106 (11.3) | 91 (33.9) | 0.002 |
| Pulse therapy | 92 (7.3) | 29 (3.6) | 63 (13.7) | 0.013 | 61 (6.5) | 22 (8.2) | 0.002 |
| Immunomodulatory therapy | |||||||
| Tocilizumab | 162 (12.9) | 5 (0.6) | 157 (34.1) | <0.001 | 76 (8.1) | 54 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| 1 dose | 60 (4.8) | 2 (0.2) | 58 (12.6) | <0.001 | 30 (3.2) | 17 (6.3) | 0.019 |
| 2 doses | 45 (3.6) | 2 (0.2) | 43 (9.3) | <0.001 | 25 (2.7) | 17 (6.3) | 0.004 |
| 3 doses | 57 (4.5) | 1 (0.1) | 56 (12.1) | <0.001 | 21 (2.2) | 20 (7.5) | <0.001 |
NOTE: Data are presented as n (%).
AZT, azithromycin; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; IFN-β1b, interferon beta-1b; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; RDV, remdesivir.
a
Combinations that were prescribed in <20 patients are not presented.
b
69% of patients received this combination of antivirals simultaneously.
c
61% of patients received this combination of antivirals simultaneously.
d
All patients were treated with an alternative antiviral therapy until RDV was available.
e
Corticosteroid treatment was classified as pulse dose if ≥125 mg of methylprednisolone or equivalent was administered every 24 h, or as low–intermediate dosage otherwise.