Table 2.
Enacted Stigma Experiences Over the 12-Month Study Among Participants Who Were Retained in Care and Those Who Disengaged from Care
| Enacted stigma experience items | Retained in care, N = 193 |
Disengaged from care, N = 58 |
Wald χ2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Because of your HIV status, did family members avoid you? | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 14.2** |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 2.1 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 3.4 | |
| Because of your HIV status, did family members treat you differently? | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 12.4** |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 3.1 | |
| Did people discriminate against you because of your HIV status? | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 4.6* |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.3 | |
| Were you denied services because of your HIV status? | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 2.9 |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | |
| Because of your HIV status, did health care workers not listen to your concerns? | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | |
| Did you avoid going to a clinic or health care provider because you did not want others to know your HIV status? | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 3.5 |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 3.1 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |
| Did people avoid touching you because of your HIV status? | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | |
| Any enacted HIV stigma experience | 2.3 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 13.7** |
| Among those experiencing this stigma | 5.2 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 8.3 | |
Items shown as presented to participants; responses were Yes, did occur, and No did not occur. Enacted stigma experiences were asked each month and could be reported more than once during the 12-monthly assessments; Poisson regression models adjusted for gender, age, depression, and alcohol use.
*
p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
SD, standard deviation.