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1H-NMR spectra showing alginate from Laminaria hyperborea leaf (A), after epimerization by AlgE4 and AlgE1 (B) and oligomers produced by hydrolysis of the epimerized alginate (C). The content of guluronic acid in the three materials are 0 (A), 79 (B) and 90% (C), respectively. AB-nC denotes proton n in uronic acid B with neighboring uronic acids A and C., e.g., MG-5 M is the resonance from H 5 in guluronic acid between two mannuronic acid units.
