Table 1.
Quality of life by socioeconomic and demographic variables of Brazilian individuals during the pandemic period.
| Sub-Scores and Scale Subcategorized by the Characteristics of Participants | Psychological | Social | Physical | Economic | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | |
| Gender * | ||||||||||
| Female (n = 1349) | 15.20 (3.88) a | 0.000 | 14.63 (3.42) a | 0.001 | 17.44 (2.99) a | 0.000 | 14.51 (4.92) a | 0.060 | 61.79 (11.68) a | 0.000 |
| Male (n = 510) | 16.42 (3.49) b | 15.22 (3.31) b | 18.08 (2.84) b | 14.99 (5.06) a | 64.71 (10.88) b | |||||
| Age * | ||||||||||
| <40 y/o (n = 933) | 14.74 (3.77) a | 0.000 | 14.52 (3.30) a | 0.000 | 17.07 (2.98) a | 0.000 | 14.02 (4.96) a | 0.000 | 60.34 (11.32) a | 0.000 |
| ≥40 y/o (n = 921) | 16.34 (3.69) b | 15.08 (3.47) b | 18.17 (2.85) b | 15.27 (4.88) b | 64.85 (11.33) b | |||||
| Marital status * | ||||||||||
| Without partner (n = 933) | 15.10 (3.89) a | 0.000 | 14.67 (3.42) a | 0.092 | 17.37 (2.96) a | 0.000 | 14.03 (4.95) a | 0.000 | 61.17 (11.51) a | 0.000 |
| With partner (n = 924) | 15.97 (3.69) b | 14.93 (3.36) a | 17.87 (2.95) b | 15.25 (4.91) b | 64.02 (11.41) b | |||||
| Ethnicity ** | ||||||||||
| White (n = 1096) | 15.74 (3.82) a | 15.02 (3.40) a | 17.85 (3.02) a | 15.15 (5.03) a | 63.75 (11.72) a | |||||
| Brown (n = 515) | 15.20 (3.78) b | 0.005 | 14.41 (3.34) b | 0.001 | 17.37 (2.86) b;c | 0.000 | 13.96 (4.66) b | 0.000 | 60.93 (10.96) b;c | 0.000 |
| Black (n = 144) | 14.81 (3.67) b | 14.16 (3.15) b | 16.67 (2.73) b | 13.15 (4.94) b | 58.78 (10.63) b | |||||
| Yellow/Indigenous (n = 45) | 15.87 (3.68) a;b | 14.87 (3.63) a;b | 18.24 (2.84) a;c | 15.27 (4.93) a;b | 64.24 (11.79) a;c | |||||
| Children living at home * | ||||||||||
| No (n = 966) | 15.40 (3.75) a | 0.103 | 14.88 (3.42) a | 0.265 | 17.63 (2.97) a | 0.804 | 14.87 (4.96) a | 0.024 | 62.80 (11.50) a | 0.414 |
| Yes (n = 855) | 15.70 (3.89) a | 14.71 (3.37) a | 17.60 (2.98) a | 14.35 (4.95) b | 62.35 (11.63) a | |||||
| Place of residency * | ||||||||||
| Urban area (n = 1771) | 15.51 (3.81) a | 0.177 | 14.77 (3.39) a | 0.085 | 17.61 (2.97) a | 0.546 | 14.67 (4.97) a | 0.201 | 62.56 (11.55) a | 0.569 |
| Rural area (n = 81) | 16.10 (3.90) a | 15.43 (3.42) a | 17.81 (3.00) a | 13.95 (4.81) a | 63.30 (11.32) a | |||||
| Educational level ** | ||||||||||
| High school (n = 169) | 15.47 (4.54) a | 13.95 (3.81) a | 17.38 (2.96) a | 11.81 (5.00) a | 58.62 (12.36) a | |||||
| Higher Education (n = 693) | 15.28 (3.97) a | 0.063 | 14.67 (3.37) b | 0.000 | 17.52 (3.07) a | 0.190 | 13.79 (4.90) b | 0.000 | 61.26 (11.73) b | 0.000 |
| Postgraduate (n = 993) | 15.72 (3.56) a | 15.02 (3.32) b | 17.73 (2.89) a | 15.71 (4.69) c | 64.19 (10.98) c | |||||
| Professional occupation ** | ||||||||||
| Unemployed (n = 130) | 14.25 (4.03) a | 14.02 (3.57) a | 16.68 (2.89) a | 10.19 (4.30) a | 55.14 (10.94) a | |||||
| Student or intern (n = 256) | 14.27 (3.79) a | 0.000 | 14.50 (3.28) a;b | 0.017 | 17.05 (2.99) a;b | 0.000 | 13.76 (4.75) b | 0.000 | 59.58 (11.07) b | 0.000 |
| Government employee (n = 563) | 15.73 (3.63) b | 14.89 (3.26) b | 17.66 (2.97) b;c | 16.41 (4.38) c | 64.70 (10.93) c | |||||
| Others (n = 895) | 15.94 (3.80) b | 14.91 (3.47) b | 17.87 (2.93) c | 14.43 (4.97) b | 63.15 (11.58) c | |||||
| Positive COVID-19 * | ||||||||||
| No (n = 1800) | 15.58 (3.80) a | 0.000 | 14.83 (3.40) a | 0.003 | 17.66 (2.95) a | 0.000 | 14.66 (4.96) a | 0.215 | 62.73 (11.50) a | 0.001 |
| Yes (n = 50) | 13.54 (4.13) b | 13.36 (3.19) b | 16.00 (3.08) b | 13.78 (5.00) a | 56.68 (11.65) b | |||||
| Family member positive COVID-19 * | ||||||||||
| No (n = 1385) | 15.76 (3.79) a | 0.002 | 14.89 (3.41) a | 0.367 | 17.74 (2.93) a | 0.037 | 14.70 (4.98) a | 0.788 | 63.09 (11.39) a | 0.048 |
| Yes (n = 400) | 15.10 (3.77) b | 14.71 (3.31) a | 17.37 (3.13) b | 14.63 (4.92) b | 61.81 (11.55) b | |||||
| Social isolation ** | ||||||||||
| No social distancing (n = 33) | 17.24 (3.65) a | 15.97 (3.42) a | 18.64 (3.66) a | 15.03 (5.31) a;b | 66.88 (12.63) a | |||||
| Out only for essential purchase, working and visiting family (n = 237) | 16.05 (3.81) a;b | 15.41 (3.52) a;b | 17.77 (3.06) a;b | 14.46 (4.95) a;b | 63.70 (11.92) a;b | |||||
| Goes out only for essential purchase, but some family members go out to work (n = 698) | 15.15 (3.78) b | 0.001 | 14.33 (3.28) b | 0.000 | 17.38 (2.92) b | 0.035 | 13.98 (4.96) a | 0.000 | 60.85 (11.02) b | 0.000 |
| Goes out only for essential purchase (n = 760) | 15.68 (3.75) b | 14.96 (3.43) a;b | 17.68 (2.92) a;b | 15.03 (4.88) a;b | 63.34 (11.55) a;b | |||||
| Everyone stays at home and purchases are made online (n = 125) | 15.30 (4.23) b | 14.82 (3.33) a;b | 17.90 (3.03) a;b | 16.10 (4.94) b | 64.13 (12.14) a;b | |||||
Note: Some variables have a sum less than n = 1859, as some individuals did not inform their data; * T-Student test; ** ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test; Different letters (a, b, c) on the same column represent statistical differences (p < 0.05).