Table 2.
Results of multivariable logistic models for death in patients with coronavirus disease-19 infection.
| Univariable Model | Multivariable Model 1 * | Multivariable Model 2 § | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Influenza | 0.53 (0.28–1.00) | 0.050 | 0.92 (0.42–2.03) | 0.837 | 1.03 (0.49–2.18) | 0.931 |
| Tuberculosis | 5.30 (1.82–15.40) | 0.002 | 2.34 (0.61–8.94) | 0.216 | 2.79 (0.71–10.89) | 0.140 |
| COPD | 6.91 (3.82–12.49) | <0.001 | 1.39 (0.65–2.97) | 0.397 | 1.34 (0.66–2.73) | 0.422 |
| Pneumonia | 4.77 (3.48–6.54) | <0.001 | 1.6 (1.07–2.39) | 0.024 | 1.47 (0.99–2.18) | 0.055 |
| Asthma | 1.83 (0.15–2.90) | 0.010 | 0.68 (0.38–1.21) | 0.190 | 0.83 (0.48–1.43) | 0.494 |
| DM | 5.54 (4.21–7.30) | <0.001 | 2.17 (1.55–3.03) | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.59–3.08) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 10.97 (5.63–21.39) | <0.001 | 3.11 (1.33–7.3) | 0.009 | 3.21 (1.35–7.63) | 0.008 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1.00 (0.63–1.60) | 0.991 | 0.87 (0.50–1.51) | 0.609 | 1.01 (0.58–1.74) | 0.976 |
| Hypertension | 4.04 (3.09–5.28) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.61–1.18) | 0.323 | 0.76 (0.55–1.06) | 0.102 |
| CVDs | 5.37 (3.90–7.39) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.56–1.22) | 0.330 | 0.95 (0.64–1.40) | 0.778 |
| Malignancies | 4.74 (2.91–7.73) | <0.001 | 1.04 (0.56–1.93) | 0.895 | 1.21 (0.67–2.18) | 0.535 |
| HIV infection | 5.54 (4.21–7.30) | <0.001 | 106.93 (6.38–>999) | 0.001 | 101.92 (5.92–>999) | 0.001 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 4.25 (3.19–5.66) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 0.268 | 1.68 (1.22–2.32) | 0.002 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 4.31 (3.28–5.66) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.61–1.21) | 0.380 | 1.22 (0.89–1.68) | 0.215 |
| Ribavirin | 31.54 (4.42–224.93) | <0.001 | 5.82 (0.34–99.64) | 0.225 | >999 (410.48–>999) | 0.001 |
| Type I interferon | 28.45 (16.97–47.69) | <0.001 | 4.76 (2.48–9.11) | <0.001 | 6.54 (3.52–12.14) | <0.001 |
| Human immunoglobulin G | 69.95 (34.50–141.83) | <0.001 | 37.23 (13.95–99.37) | <0.001 | 52.22 (19.92–136.95) | <0.001 |
| Oseltamivir | 1.74 (0.23–13.12) | 0.589 | 3.74 (0.45–31.04) | 0.221 | 2.98 (0.34–26.11) | 0.324 |
| Antibiotics | 20.02 (12.34–32.47) | <0.001 | 4.18 (2.36–7.42) | <0.001 | 4.41 (2.65–7.35) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 1.13 (1.11–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.11–1.14) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Male | 1.71 (1.31–2.23) | <0.001 | 2.10 (1.51–2.92) | <0.001 | - | - |
| DG area | 6.23 (4.13–9.40) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.27–3.34) | 0.003 | - | - |
* Included all variables regarding medications and comorbidities and variables with p < 0.05 in the univariable logistic regression analyses. § Included one medication at a time with all variables regarding comorbidities and significant variables in the univariable analyses and one comorbidity at a time with all variables regarding medications and significant variables in the univariable analyses. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DM: Diabetes mellitus. CKD: Chronic kidney disease. CVDs: Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus. DG: Daegu city and Gyeongsangbuk-do province.