Table 6.
Types of Analgesic Medication Administered During Emergency Department Encounter and at Discharge: 2017–2018 vs 2013–2014
| Time | Narcotic/opioid | n (%) |
Estimated ORa | 95% CI | p-Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Among encounters with at least one opioid administered | ||||||
| 9/1/2017 to 8/31/2018 | 9/1/2013 to 8/31/2014 | |||||
| During ED encounter | Codeine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — |
| Fentanyl, transdermal patch (MCG/HR) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | |
| Hydrocodone | 20 (14) | 29 (9) | 1.70 | 0.92–3.14 | 0.373 | |
| Hydromorphone | 33 (24) | 228 (70) | 0.15 | 0.1–0.24 | <0.001 | |
| Morphine | 51 (37) | 68 (21) | 2.21 | 1.42–3.42 | <0.065 | |
| Oxycodone | 58 (42) | 116 (35) | 1.28 | 0.84–1.94 | 0.033 | |
| Tramadol | 5 (4) | 4 (1) | — | — | — | |
| At discharge | Codeine | 5 (4) | 1 (<1) | — | — | — |
| Fentanyl, transdermal patch (MCG/HR) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | |
| Hydrocodone | 48 (36) | 84 (28) | 1.35 | 0.88–2.08 | 0.825 | |
| Hydromorphone | 1 (1) | 1 (<1) | — | — | — | |
| Morphine | 10 (7) | 1 (<1) | — | — | — | |
| Oxycodone | 65 (49) | 205 (69) | 0.45 | 0.3–0.67 | <0.001 | |
| Tapentadol | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | |
| Tramadol | 6 (4) | 10 (3) | 0.91 | 0.15–5.74 | 0.197 | |
a
OR for (9/1/2017 to 8/31/2018) vs (9/1/2013 to 8/31/2014).
b
Trends assessed with Cochran–Armitage test.
MCG/HR = micrograms/hour.