Table 2.
Regions in Which the Control Group Demonstrated Significantly Greater Cerebellocortical Connectivity Than the Schizophrenia Group
| Size (voxels) | Peak MNI coordinates | Z | q (FDR) | Region(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left lobule VIIb | ||||
| 382 | 24, 45, 24 | 4.68 | 0.0012 | R middle frontal gyrus, spanning superior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis |
| Left lobules I–IV | ||||
| 1005 | −21, −54, 60 | 4.49 | 5.15 × 10−4 | Bilateral superior parietal lobule, spanning bilateral precuneus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, L cuneus, R paracentral lobule, R angular gyrus, middle cingulate |
| Right lobules I–IV | ||||
| 383 | −42, −27, 21 | 4.98 | 3.65 × 10−4 | L Rolandic operculum, spanning L supramarginal gyrus, L inferior parietal lobule, L postcentral gyrus, L superior temporal gyrus, L insula |
| 371 | 66, −27, 24 | 4.66 | 3.65 × 10−4 | R supramarginal gyrus, spanning R inferior parietal lobule, R postcentral gyrus, R superior temporal gyrus, R Rolandic operculum, R insula |
| 1279 | −21, −54, 60 | 4.48 | 6.19 × 10−5 | L superior parietal lobule, spanning bilateral precuneus, bilateral middle cingulate, bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral paracentral lobule, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, L supplementary motor area, R precentral gyrus |
| 306 | 30, −15, 57 | 4.07 | 0.0017 | R precentral gyrus, spanning bilateral supplementary motor area, R middle frontal gyrus, R precentral gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, L paracentral lobule |
| Left lobule V | ||||
| 2095 | −51, −27, 24 | 4.59 | 3.19 × 10−5 | L supramarginal gyrus, spanning bilateral superior parietal lobule, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral postcentral gyrus, R middle cingulate, L Rolandic operculum, L insula, R precentral gyrus, L superior temporal gyrus, L calcarine gyrus, L cuneus, claustrum, posterior cingulate, R paracentral lobule, L anterior cingulate, L medial frontal gyrus |
| Right lobule V | ||||
| 5038 | 66, −27, 21 | 5.25 | 6.22 × 10−5 | Bilateral superior temporal gyrus, spanning bilateral supramarginal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, bilateral superior parietal lobe, R supplementary motor area, bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral insula, R middle cingulate, bilateral cuneus, bilateral Rolandic operculum, R precentral gyrus, R superior frontal gyrus, L pars opercularis, anterior cingulate, bilateral angular gyrus, bilateral paracentral lobule, R middle frontal gyrus, L superior medial frontal gyrus, L putamen, claustrum |
| Left lobule VIIIa | ||||
| 2521 | 45, 27, 30 | 4.98 | 1.10 × 10−6 | Bilateral pars triangularis, spanning bilateral middle cingulate, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, L angular gyrus, L supramarginal gyrus, R anterior cingulate, R superior frontal gyrus, R insula, bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, R pars opercularis, L supplementary motor area, bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus, bilateral Rolandic operculum, R pars orbitalis, R temporal pole, R supplementary motor area |
| 723 | 18, −69, 24 | 4.62 | 4.68 × 10−6 | R cuneus, spanning R precuneus, bilateral calcarine gyrus, bilateral lingual gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate, L superior occipital gyrus, R parahippocampal gyrus |
| 791 | −54, −69, 21 | 4.43 | 1.10 × 10−6 | L middle temporal gyrus, spanning L supramarginal gyrus, L superior temporal gyrus, L inferior parietal lobe |
| Right lobule VIIIa | ||||
| 926 | 66, −24, −6 | 5.15 | 1.88 × 10−7 | R middle temporal gyrus, spanning R angular gyrus, R superior temporal gyrus, R supramarginal gyrus, R inferior parietal lobule, R insula, R Rolandic operculum, R putamen, R Heschl's gyrus |
| 843 | 21, 42, 30 | 4.98 | 5.37 × 10−6 | R superior frontal gyrus, spanning R pars triangularis, R pars opercularis, R temporal pole, R middle temporal gyrus, R pars orbitalis, R precentral gyrus |
| 1534 | −12, −36, 45 | 4.76 | 7.74 × 10−8 | L middle cingulate, spanning R middle cingulate, L inferior parietal lobule, bilateral precuneus, L angular gyrus, L supramarginal gyrus, L middle temporal gyrus, L superior parietal lobule, bilateral posterior cingulate |
| 567 | −27, 30, 39 | 4.65 | 2.23 × 10−4 | L middle frontal gyrus, spanning L pars triangularis, L precentral gyrus, L pars opercularis, L superior frontal gyrus |
| Left lobule VIIIb | ||||
| 1990 | −12, −36, 45 | 4.84 | 3.90 × 10−4 | L middle cingulate, spanning R middle cingulate, bilateral precuneus, L inferior parietal lobule, L supramarginal gyrus, L precentral gyrus, L superior temporal gyrus, L Rolandic operculum, L middle frontal gyrus, L pars opercularis, L insula, L angular gyrus, L putamen, L temporal pole, L lentiform nucleus |
| Right lobule VIIIb | ||||
| 2562 | −45, −45, 57 | 5.19 | 1.44 × 10−11 | L inferior parietal lobe, spanning bilateral precuneus, L middle frontal gyrus, L superior temporal gyrus, L superior parietal lobe, L supramarginal gyrus, L middle temporal gyrus, L middle cingulate, L angular gyrus, L Rolandic operculum, L precentral gyrus |
| 1088 | 54, −54, 27 | 5.09 | 2.92 × 10−5 | R angular gyrus, spanning R middle temporal gyrus, R supramarginal gyrus, R insula, R inferior parietal lobule, R Rolandic operculum, R postcentral gyrus |
| 562 | 21, 42, 30 | 4.96 | 8.27 × 10−4 | R middle frontal gyrus, spanning R superior frontal gyrus, R orbitofrontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, R precentral gyrus, R frontal inferior triangle |
| 557 | 18, −69, 24 | 4.51 | 8.27 × 10−4 | Bilateral cuneus, spanning R precuneus, bilateral calcarine gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate, bilateral lingual gyrus, L parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral superior occipital gyrus |
| 373 | 6, 18, 33 | 4.51 | 0.0024 | Bilateral middle cingulate, spanning bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral supplementary motor area, superior medial frontal gyrus |
Regions of interest from which connectivity was calculated appear above the significant cluster coordinates, statistics, and brain regions. t-Tests were performed in SPM12, including age, gender, and framewise displacement as covariates. Results were masked with a gray matter mask excluding the cerebellum and thresholded at uncorrected p < 0.001 and SPM-defined cluster qFDR < 0.0025. Regions were identified using xjView.
FDR, false discovery rate; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; R, right; SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping.