Table 1.

Recent research regarding changes in patient workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author	Objective	Specialised Clinic	Research Method	Research Highlights
Virani et al. [3]	Optimising access to heart failure care during the COVID-19 outbreak	Heart	Review of the activities performed, and the experiences gained	The study provided viewpoints from leadership within the Canadian Heart Failure Society.
Quraishi et al. [22]	Study of the changes related to the off-site radiology workflow due to the COVID-19 pandemic	Radiology	A survey of 174 radiologists used frequency and descriptive statistics to perform χ2 analyses and nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests.	The bulk of radiology practices have leveraged internal teleradiology for regular workday shifts and found an adequate benefit to consider continuing internal teleradiology after the epidemic passes.
Dexter et al. [23]	Proposing strategies for daily operating room management following resolution of the critical phase of the coronavirus pandemic	Ambulatory surgery	A narrative review	The economic costs of the COVID-19 pandemic for ambulatory surgery centres were identified.
Harjai et al. [16]	Providing a road map for clinicians and healthcare delivery systems	Heart	Surveyed 16 physicians across three hospitals.	Most follow-up visits can be done via telemedicine rather than in-person visits.
Phua et al. [24]	Providing recommendations for serious care management of COVID-19 outbreak	Intensive care unit (ICU)	Review of the activities performed, and the experiences gained	National and international cooperation offers the best opportunity for survival for the critically ill.
Diaz and Dawson [20]	Development of a COVID-19 resuscitation procedure in the emergency department of paediatrics	Paediatric emergency	Discrete-event simulation	Simulation can be applied to enhance infection prevention and control initiatives, to assist developing of COVID-19 procedures, workflows, and spaces, as well as to support education teams about COVID-19 nuances.
Das [19]	Studying the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on the current workflow	Endoscopy centre	Discrete-event simulation and Monte-Carlo analysis	Post-COVID-19 proposed workflow changes meaningfully impact productivity and operational metrics and, in turn, adversely impact financial indicators.
Tey et al. [25]	Studying the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic	Radiation oncology	Using a modified workflow from a few cancer centres	Applied steps in the treatment of oncology patients during an infectious eruption were introduced.
Wei et al. [19]	Navigation of radiotherapy workflow and safety procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak	Radiotherapy in the cancer hospital	Review of the activities performed, and the experiences gained	Particular measures were taken to battle COVID-19 though maintaining radiotherapy care.
Yan et al. [26]	Providing recommendations for coronavirus disease 2019 prevention and infection control	Radiology	Review of the activities performed, and the experiences gained	Typical transmission-based provision, computed tomography workflow for the check-up of fever patients, as well as cleansing management of a radiology section were described.
Bettinelli et al. [2]	Providing an operative flowchart for COVID-19 patient treatment	Orthopaedic	Review of the activities performed, and the experiences gained	A workflow for patients attained in the ER in an Orthopaedic Hub is designed.