| ABCA1 | ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 |
| ABCG1 | ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 1 |
| ADR | adrenergic receptors |
| AhR | aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| AMP | antimicrobial peptide |
| BA | bile acid |
| CAD | coronary artery diseases |
| CVD | cardiovascular diseases |
| DSS | dextran sodium sulfate |
| FMT | fecal microbial transplantation |
| FXR | farnesoid X receptor |
| GF | germ-free |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| HIF | hypoxia-inducible factor |
| IgA | immunoglobulin A |
| IL-23R | IL-23 receptor |
| ILC | innate lymphoid cell |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MACE | major adverse cardiovascular events |
| MerTK | Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase |
| NLRP | NOD (nucleotide oligomerization domain)-, LRR (leucine-rich repeat)-, and PYD (pyrin domain)-containing protein |
| ox-LDL-C | oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| PAGln | phenylacetylglutamine |
| RCT | reverse cholesterol transport |
| SCFA | short-chain fatty acid |
| SPM | specialized pro-resolving mediator |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |
| TMAO | trimethylamine N-oxide |
| WT mice | wild-type mice |