Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of subjects.
| Total (n = 3183) |
Male (n = 1695) |
Female (n = 1488) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), mean (SE) | 15.09 (0.04) | 15.11 (0.05) | 15.08 (0.06) | 0.709 |
| Height (cm), mean (SE) | 165.35 (0.20) | 169.73 (0.25) | 160.06 (0.19) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SE) | 58.03 (0.29) | 61.81 (0.40) | 53.46 (0.33) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SE) | 21.08 (0.08) | 21.31 (0.11) | 20.82 (0.11) | 0.002 |
| BMI SDS, mean (SE) | −0.08 (0.03) | −0.12 (0.04) | −0.03 (0.04) | 0.095 |
| BMI group, percentage (SE) | 0.712 | |||
| Normal (%) | 80.71 (0.81) | 80.10 (1.14) | 81.44 (1.26) | |
| Overweight (%) | 9.68 (0.60) | 9.84 (0.84) | 9.49 (0.88) | |
| Obesity (%) | 9.61 (0.65) | 10.06 (0.93) | 9.07 (0.98) | |
| Physical activity (hour/week), mean (SE) | 4.10 (0.18) | 5.33 (0.27) | 2.62 (0.19) | < 0.001 |
| 25OHD (ng/mL), mean (SE) | 16.15 (0.16) | 16.78 (0.20) | 15.40 (0.19) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 155.72 (0.66) | 150.64 (0.87) | 161.88 (0.84) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 88.95 (0.55) | 85.57 (0.75) | 93.05 (0.74) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 49.75 (0.23) | 47.93 (0.27) | 51.96 (0.33) | < 0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 85.09 (1.19) | 85.73 (1.64) | 84.32 (1.53) | 0.507 |
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 105.97 (0.61) | 102.71 (0.84) | 109.91 (0.81) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as means (standard error), and categorical data are presented as percentages (standard error). Regular physical activity was defined as moderate or vigorous physical activity for at least 1 hour/day 7 days/week. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25OHD ≤ 20 ng/mL. SE: standard error; BMI: body mass index; SDS: standard deviation score; 25OHD: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.