| BMD | bone mineral density |
| BMC | bone mineral content |
| Ca | calcium |
| Ca2+ | calcium ion |
| FOS | fructooligosaccharide |
| FWHM | full width at half maximum |
| GOS | galactooligosaccharide |
| HFD | High-fat diet |
| HMO | human milk oligosaccharides |
| ICR | Institute Cancer Research |
| NCX1 | Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 |
| NDOs | non-digestible oligosaccharides |
| P | phosphorus |
| SCFAs | short-chain fatty acids |
| TRPV6 | transient receptor potential vanillin receptor 6 |
| VH:CD | villus height to crypt depth |
| XOS | xylo-oligosaccharides |
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