Table 2.
Intervention-induced pain of the included studies.
| MNs Type | Intervention Group Pain: VAS | Control Group Pain: VAS [Type of Control] | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTS (n = 3) | ||||||
| Yoo, 2010 [48] | Pain (ND) | ND [MAL cream] | ND * | |||
| Petukhova, 2017 [52] | 1.3~1.4 | 0.3 [Sham roller] | p < 0.05 * | |||
| Bao, 2017 [14] | 4.52 ± 3.7 | ND [Topical cream] | ND * | |||
| MRF (n = 3) | ||||||
| Shin, 2012 [54] | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 2.2 [CO2 laser] | NS | |||
| Ryu, 2013 [56] | Pain (ND) | ND [CO2 laser] | ND | |||
| Jeon, 2013 [55] | Pain (ND) | Pain (ND) [BoNT/A injection] | ND * | |||
| MAP (n = 3) | ||||||
| Rouphael, 2017 [62] | Pain (4%) | Pain (18%) [IM] | p < 0.05 | |||
| Ryu, 2018 [65] | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 1.3 [Cryotherapy] | p < 0.05 | |||
| Spierings, 2018 [67] | Pain (ND) | Pain (ND) [Placebo patch] | ND | |||
| Hollow MNs (n = 9) | ||||||
| Insertion | Infusion | Insertion | Infusion | Insertion | Infusion | |
| Damme, 2009 [26] | 0.55 | 0.7 | 1.3 [IM] | 0.6 [IM] | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05* |
| Laurent, 2010 [68] | 0~2 | 0~3.5 [IM], painless [ED] | ND | |||
| Pettis, 2011 [69] | 6.6 ± 3.9 | 4.1 ± 3.3 [SC] | ND | |||
| Frenck, 2011 [70] | 1.7~2.1 | 1.52 (IM), 2.2 [ID] | ND | |||
| McVey, 2012 [27] | 0.3 | 2.4 | 0.6 [SC] | 1.1 [SC] | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 * |
| Norman, 2013 [71] | 0.05~0.08 | 2~3 | 1.5~2 [SC] | 0.05~1.5 [SC] | p < 0.05 | NS * |
| Rini, 2015 [75] | Pain (ND) | Pain (ND) | Pain (ND) [SC] | Pain (ND) [SC] | ND * | |
| Kochba, 2016 [77] | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 [SC] | 0.4 ± 0.4 [SC] | NS* | p < 0.05 * |
| Vescovo, 2017 [78] | 0~2 | 1~6 | 0~3 [ID], 0~4 [IM] |
0~3 [ID], 0~4 [IM] |
p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 * |
*, MNs site is more painful than control site; BoNT/A, botulinum toxin A; ED, epidermal injection; IM, intramuscular injection; MAL, methyl 5-aminolevulinic acid; MAP, microneedle array patch; MN, microneedle; MTS, microneedle therapy system; ND, no described; NS, no significant; SC, subcutaneous injection; VAS, visual analog scale.