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. 2020 Nov 24;15:9407–9430. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S272902

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© 2020 Chen et al.

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The potential mechanisms of GNP radiosensitization.

Notes: The potential mechanisms of GNP radiosensitization, which could be summarized as three parts: 1) physical dose enhancement, including the Compton effect and the photoelectric effect; 2) chemical contributions based on the chemical sensitization of DNA to radiation-induced damage as well as the increased generation and catalysis of radicals; 3) biological phase could be divided into ROS production, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-cycle effect, DNA repair inhibition and other biological mechanisms (such as autophagy and ER stress).

Abbreviations: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GNPs, gold nanoparticles; ROS, reactive oxygen species.