Table 3.
Comparison Between the Opioid-Related Side Effects Between Patients with and without a Basal Infusion of Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Before and After Propensity Score Matching
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal Group | No Basal Group | P-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Basal Group | No Basal Group | P-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
| During the first 24h postoperatively | ||||||||
| Total numbers | 560 | 757 | 539 | 539 | ||||
| Overall opioid-related side effects | 171 (30.5) | 187 (24.7) | 0.019 | 0.75 (0.58–0.95) | 167 (31.0) | 124 (23.0) | 0.003 | 0.67 (0.51–0.87) |
| Nausea | 121 (21.6) | 135 (17.8) | 0.088 | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) | 119 (22.1) | 85 (15.8) | 0.008 | 0.66 (0.49–0.90) |
| Vomiting | 15 (2.7) | 11 (1.5) | 0.120 | 0.54 (0.24–1.18) | 15 (2.8) | 7 (1.3) | 0.092 | 0.46 (0.19–1.14) |
| Somnolence or dizziness | 72 (12.9) | 78 (10.3) | 0.150 | 0.78 (0.55–1.09) | 70 (13.0) | 54 (10.0) | 0.128 | 0.75 (0.51–1.09) |
| During the 24–48h postoperatively | ||||||||
| Total numbers | 353 | 419 | 300 | 338 | ||||
| Overall opioid-related side effects | 67 (19.0) | 49 (11.7) | 0.005 | 0.57 (0.38–0.84) | 64 (18.9) | 33 (11.0) | < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.31–0.75) |
| Nausea | 48 (13.6) | 38 (9.1) | 0.046 | 0.63 (0.40–1.00) | 45 (13.3) | 24 (8.0) | 0.002 | 0.43 (0.26–0.73) |
| Vomiting | 6 (1.7) | 2 (0.5) | 0.118 | 0.28 (0.06–1.38) | 6 (1.8) | 1 (0.3) | 0.075 | 0.15 (0.02–1.21) |
| Somnolence or dizziness | 21 (6.0) | 15 (3.6) | 0.124 | 0.59 (0.30–1.16) | 21 (6.2) | 13 (4.3) | 0.081 | 0.53 (0.26–1.08) |
| O2 administration via nasal cannula in the ward during the first 48h postoperatively | 26 (4.6) | 32 (4.2) | 0.890 | 1.04 (0.61–1.78) | 26 (4.8) | 22 (4.1) | 0.304 | 0.73 (0.41–1.32) |
| Hypoxemia during the first 48h postoperatively | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | - | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | - | ||
Note: The values are presented as the number (%) or the odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]).