Table 3.
Average abundances (quantifier ion (quantion) intensities) of urinary amino acids significantly different when comparing human milk (HM; n = 93), cow’s milk-based formula (MF; n = 80), and soy-formula (SF; n = 76) diet groups of infants at 3 months of age.
| Amino Acids | HM 1 | SEM 2 | MF 1 | SEM 2 | SF 1 | SEM 2 | FDR 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| histidine | 83,412.36 a | 6632.23 | 48,203.59 b | 5667.53 | 122,964.25 c | 11,274.22 | <0.01 |
| glycine | 393,582.61 a,b | 31,185.59 | 355,168.56 b | 27,719.71 | 535,661.74 c | 36,454.11 | <0.01 |
| tryptophan | 42,979.28 a,b | 2287.27 | 37,026.27 b | 1964.72 | 53,510.87 c | 2575.93 | <0.01 |
| cystine | 7536.74 a,b | 531.85 | 8513.79 b | 1625.75 | 10,904.34 c | 677.24 | <0.01 |
| asparagine | 6862.53 a,b | 230.49 | 7391.12 b | 231.12 | 8542.12 c | 351.29 | <0.01 |
| alanine | 286,085.48 a | 12,290.38 | 195,293.56 b | 9948.89 | 235,474.88 b | 13,378.32 | <0.01 |
| serine | 25,789.93 a | 2944.29 | 11,442.01 b | 1855.34 | 14,446.06 b | 1539.00 | <0.01 |
| glutamate | 2073.78 a | 310.36 | 1410.73 b | 191.34 | 1166.16 b | 124.82 | <0.01 |
| proline | 15,639.28 a | 2133.72 | 9850.33 b | 1843.49 | 7586.87 b | 613.61 | 0.01 |
| aminomalonate | 10,504.22 a | 674.29 | 8019.96 b | 562.93 | 8139.34 b | 541.41 | 0.01 |
1 Mean of normalized (mTIC) peak intensities (mz/rt) for human milk (HM), cow’s milk-based formula (MF), and soy-formula (SF) diet groups after MetaboAnalyst analyses. Means with different letters indicate statistical difference between diet groups. 2 SEM = Standard error of the mean. 3 FDR = Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-Value.