Table 1.
Quantitative values as average (mean ± SD) determination of bioactive molecules in virgin olive oils (VOOs) of Picholine marocaine from five provinces studied. Results are expressed as mg.kg−1.
| Compounds\Region (Provinces) | Fes-Meknes (Taounate) | Drâa-Tafilalet (Errachidia) | Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceïma (Chefchaouen) | Fes-Meknes (Taza) | Beni Mellal-Khenifra (Beni Mellal) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-tocopherol | 100.4 ± 0.14 | 55.8 ± 0.10 | 55.3 ± 0.27 | 38.4 ± 0.10 | 39.9 ± 0.24 |
| α-tocotrienol | <LOQ | <LOQ | 2.92 ± 0.07 | 1.97 ± 0.05 | 7.60 ± 0.04 |
| β-tocopherol | 2.1 ± 0.07 | 1.9 ± 0.07 | 2.1 ± 0.06 | 1.6 ± 0.07 | 1.7 ± 0.05 |
| γ-tocopherol | 5.2 ± 0.06 | 4.2 ± 0.05 | 4.5 ± 0.08 | 4.1 ± 0.10 | 4.3 ± 0.06 |
| δ-tocopherol | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Tyrosol | <LOD | <LOD | 300.6 ± 11.26 | <LOD | 186.2 ± 2.58 |
| Hydroxytyrosol | 6.4 ± 0.54 | <LOD | 40.0 ± 1.46 | 2.8 ± 0.15 | 4.6 ± 0.07 |
| Caffeic acid | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 3.5 ± 0.06 |
| Ferulic acid | <LOD | 4.4 ± 0.43 | 3.9 ± 0.07 | 2.0 ± 0.03 | 0.8 ± 0.04 |
| 10-hydroxy-oleuropein aglycone a | 25.4 ± 0.09 | 1.2 ± 0.18 | 65.7 ± 3.81 | 0.3 ± 0.00 | 1.4 ± 0.24 |
| Oleocanthal a | <LOD | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.8 ± 0.00 |
| Luteolin | <LOQ | <LOQ | 6.4 ± 0.19 | 7.8 ± 0.72 | 6.3 ± 0.13 |
| Oleacein | 3.1 ± 0.15 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 33.3 ± 1.91 | 2.3 ± 0.01 | 3.5 ± 0.17 |
| Apigenin | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 6.1 ± 0.00 |
| Oleuropein aglycone a | 231.3 ± 4.45 | 1.9 ± 0.00 | 198.3 ± 13.17 | 18.6 ± 0.00 | 20.6 ± 1.24 |
| Luteolin glucoside | 2.5 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0.51 | 1.5 ± 0.03 | 3.9 ± 0.22 | 5.5 ± 1.79 |
| Elenolic acid | 31.3 ± 2.00 | 8.7 ± 0.81 | 85.6 ± 2.67 | 13.7 ± 0.26 | 19.6 ± 1.63 |
| Ligstroside aglycone b | 57.3 ± 2.92 | 0.7 ± 0.04 | 21.4 ± 0.39 | 1.2 ± 0.07 | 3.9 ± 0.19 |
| Acidity% | 1.3% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.1% |
| ∑Vitamin E | 107.6 * | 61.9 | 64.8 | 46.1 | 53.5 |
| ∑Phenolic alcohols | 6.4 | <LOD | 340.6 | 2.8 | 190.8 |
| ∑Phenolic acids | 31.3 | 13.1 | 89.5 | 15.8 | 24.0 |
| ∑Secoiridoids | 314.0 | 3.9 | 285.4 | 20.1 | 26.6 |
| ∑Flavonoids | 2.5 | 1.1 | 7.9 | 11.7 | 18.0 |
| ∑Phenols | 354.2 ** | 18.1 | 723.4 ** | 50.4 | 259.4 ** |