| TCMs | traditional Chinese medicines |
| OTMs | other traditional medicines |
| Hc | Hemocyanin |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| NSAIDs | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| MIC/MBC | minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration |
| IC50/GI50/CC50 | concentration causing 50% inhibition/growth inhibition/cytotoxicity |
| PUFAs | polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration |
| Abs | antibodies |