Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Nov 27;10:20799. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77816-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Direct signaling pathways, cell processes and disease-related signaling pathways among the upregulated and downregulated genes identified in response to menthol-flavored e-liquid. Genes with red shading are upregulated, and genes with blue shading are downregulated. MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), MYC (MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor), HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1), NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3), and CAV1 (caveolin 1) were predicted as key genes of the direct signaling pathways among the DEGs following menthol-flavored e-liquid exposure. Cell processes and diseases related to cancer (blue rectangle), inflammation (red rectangle), oxidative stress (green rectangle), tissue fibrosis (orange rectangle) and cardiovascular disease (purple rectangle) showed numerous relationships in the biological signaling networks among the DEGs of the menthol-flavored e-liquid-treated group. Schematic legends are located on the left side of the figure. Up- and downregulated genes are highlighted with red and blue, respectively.