Figure 13.

Example of biosensors using amplification strategy with nanomaterials as a non-nanocatalyst; (A) the nanomaterials are formed with Fe₃O₄ and cerium dioxide (CeO₂) decorated with gold nanoparticles (Fe₃O_4/CeO₂@AuNPs) reproduced from. (a) Preparation procedure of Fe₃O₄/CeO₂ @Au-S₁, (b) signal amplification strategy and the detection principle for microRNA [146] with permission of the publisher; (B) biosensors using graphene oxide and DSN as amplification method from [147] reproduced with permission of the publisher.