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. 2020 Nov 20;10(11):976. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10110976

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Pathophysiology of renocardiac syndrome (type 3): mechanism involves an acute insult to kidney function that results in the acute sympathetic nervous system activating a cascade of inflammatory responses, causing acute heart failure. NO = nitrous oxide; RAAS = renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; ROS = reactive oxygen species; SNS = sympathetic nervous system.