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. 2020 Nov 20;10(11):976. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10110976

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Pathophysiology of renocardiac syndrome (type 4): mechanism involving chronic kidney injury causing worsening heart function. The various causes of CKD, including diabetes and hypertension, accelerate cardiac remodeling, leading to poor cardiac function. This pathway involves RAAS activation and sympathetic nervous system activation.