Table 5.
Oxidative stress characteristics in severe OSA group vs. non-severe OSA group.
| Author | Study and Control Characteristics | Biomarker Levels | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Size (n) | Age ± SD | Male (%) | Mean BMI ± SD | Mean AHI ± SD | CVC (%) | Differences in Groups * | Results | Differences in Groups ^ | ||
| Chen et al. [61] | AHI < 30 | Age, HT | TAC: 596.3 ± 118.3 μmol/L 8-OHdG: 33.7 (IQR: 27.2–49.7) ng/mgcr |
No | ||||||
| 34 | 58.1 ± 13.9 | 61.8 | 24.9 ± 4.2 | 18.1 (10.3–24.5) | Stroke: 100HT: 74 | |||||
| AHI > 30 | TAC: 606.1 ± 102.6 μmol/L 8-OHdG: 39.5 (IQR: 29.6–51.5) ng/mgcr |
|||||||||
| 58 | 66.5 ± 11.0 | 72.4 | 24.9 ± 3.7 | 50.9 (38.3–60.9) | Stroke: 100 HT: 91 |
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| Gille et al. [62] | No OSA | Age (No OSA vs moderate OSA) | 8-OHdG MMP-7 Data presented graphically; parametric results cannot be displayed in this table. |
8-OHdG (moderate and severe OSA vs. mild and No OSA), MMP-7 (severe OSA vs. moderate, mild and No OSA) |
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| 5 | 61 ± 10.9 | 60 | 27.7 ± 4.3 | 3 ± 1.7 | 41.2 (HT: 35.3, IHD: 11.8, Stroke/TIA: 0) $ | |||||
| Mild OSA | ||||||||||
| 12 | 67.6 ± 7.5 | 75 | 27.8 ± 2.5 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 41.2 (HT: 35.3, IHD: 11.8, Stroke/TIA: 0) $ | |||||
| Moderate OSA | ||||||||||
| 10 | 72.1 ± 7.7 | 90 | 27.3 ± 4 | 22.6 ± 3.4 | 40 (HT: 30, IHD: 30, Stroke/TIA: 0) | |||||
| Severe OSA | ||||||||||
| 18 | 69.8 ± 8.6 | 94 | 28.6 ± 3.7 | 60.5 ± 25 | 100 (HT: 55.6, IHD: 61.1, Stroke/TIA: 16.7) | |||||
| Yadav et al. [63] | High AHI | No | PON1:101 ± 64 nmol/mL/min | PON1 | ||||||
| 20 | 49 ± 10 | 15 | 52 ± 6 | 21.3 (13.5–45.7) | HT: 65 | |||||
| Low AHI | PON1:186 ± 68 nmol/mL/min | |||||||||
| 21 | 45 ± 9 | 20 | 50 ± 8 | 4.3 (3.7–6.8) | HT: 50 | |||||
| Yamauchi et al. [64] | Non-Severe OSA | BMI | 8-OHdG: 8.5 ± 2.4 ng/mL/creatinine mg/mL | 8-OHdG | ||||||
| 70 | 49.3 ± 12.2 | 82.9 | 25.9 ± 3.8 | 12.1 ± 9.3 | HT: 21.4 | |||||
| Severe OSA | 8-OHdG: 9.5 ± 2.5 ng/mL/creatinine mg/mL | |||||||||
| 58 | 48.8 ± 11.0 | 98.0 | 29.5 ± 5.3 | 60.7 ± 19.2 | HT: 34.5 | |||||
| Yardim-Akaydin et al. [65] | Controls | Age (moderate and severe apnea vs. mild and control), BMI (severe apnea vs. moderate, severe apnea and control), HT (severe apnea vs. control) |
MDA: 2.24 ± 0.91 µM 8-OHdG: 25.63 ± 8.14 nM/creatinine mM |
MDA (controls vs. mild, moderate and severe apnea), 8-OHdG (mild apnea vs. severe apnea; controls vs. mild and moderate apnea) |
||||||
| 25 | 43.4 ± 8.2 | 56 | 27.2 ± 3.2 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | HT: 0 | |||||
| Mild Apnea | MDA: 3.01 ± 1.18 µM 8-OHdG: 38.20 ± 19.03 nM/creatinine mM |
|||||||||
| 28 | 43.1 ± 9.7 | 64.29 | 30.03 ± 4.8 | 9.5 ± 3.3 | HT: 14.3 | |||||
| Moderate Apnea | MDA: 3.00 ± 0.89 µM 8-OHdG: 32.08 ± 12.69 nM/creatinine mM |
|||||||||
| 30 | 52.9 ± 11.8 | 67 | 30.0 ± 4.0 | 22.5 ± 4.3 | HT: 13.3 | |||||
| Severe Apnea | MDA: 3.33 ± 1.11 µM 8-OHdG: 29.40 ± 16.35 nM/creatinine mM |
|||||||||
| 59 | 51.2 ± 10.7 | 72.88 | 33.0 ± 5.8 | 56.3 ± 22.3 | HT: 32.2 | |||||
* p > 0.05 when comparing age, BMI, CVC/AHI in OSA controls; ^ p < 0.05 when comparing biomarkers; author provided data for both No OSA and mild OSA groups combined. IQR—interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea/hypopnea index; CVC, cardiovascular complication; HT, hypertension; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; 8-OHdG, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine; IQR, interquartile range; TIA, transient ischemic attack; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MMP-7, matrix metalloproteinase-7; PON1, paraoxonase 1; MDA, malondialdehyde. $ Author provided biometrical data of the whole studied population, not providing data after dividing patients into hypertensive and normotensive groups.