Fig. 3.

Countries reporting large numbers of confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and significant portions of their populations conventionally practicing open defecation. In communities having inadequate sanitary facilities and community-wide spread of COVID-19, human feces defecated in the open may become an additional contributor to the spread of the novel coronavirus in community environments. Open defecation dates and COVID-19 cases are based on the latest data by the World Health Origination (WHO, 2017b, 2020a). Data of COVID-19 cases are as of November 1, 2020