Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants (n = 89,729) according to quartile of dietary acrylamide intake.
| Quartile of Acrylamide Intake | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Participants, n | 22,432 | 22,432 | 22,433 | 22,432 | ||||||||||||||||
| Male, % | 27.8 | 24.5 | 23.3 | 24.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Female, % | 22.5 | 25.4 | 26.5 | 25.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Acrylamide intake | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean, µg/day a | 3.1 | ± | 0.9 | 5.2 | ± | 0.5 | 7.3 | ± | 0.7 | 12.1 | ± | 3.5 | ||||||||
| Median, µg/day b | 3.3 | (2.6 | – | 3.8) | 5.2 | (4.7 | – | 5.6) | 7.2 | (6.6 | – | 7.9) | 11.0 | (9.7 | – | 13.3) | ||||
| Mean, µg/kg body weight/day a | 0.06 | ± | 0.04 | 0.10 | ± | 0.09 | 0.13 | ± | 0.09 | 0.22 | ± | 0.26 | ||||||||
| Age at 5-year follow-up survey, years b | 58 | (52 | – | 63) | 57 | (51 | – | 63) | 56 | (50 | – | 62) | 55 | (48 | – | 61) | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 b | 23.4 | (21.6 | – | 25.5) | 23.4 | (21.5 | – | 25.4) | 23.3 | (21.4 | – | 25.3) | 23.1 | (21.3 | – | 25.2) | ||||
| Smoking status, % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Never smoker | 60.6 | 64.5 | 64.4 | 58.9 | ||||||||||||||||
| Ex-smoker | 9.6 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| Current smoker | 23.2 | 20.6 | 21.9 | 27.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| Missing | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||
| History of diabetes mellitus, % | 8.2 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Family history of pancreatic cancer, % | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Dietary intake | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy, kcal/d a,c | 1999 | ± | 642 | 1998 | ± | 610 | 2013 | ± | 612 | 1977 | ± | 622 | ||||||||
| Alcohol intake, g/week a | 155 | ± | 250 | 108 | ± | 197 | 90 | ± | 175 | 70 | ± | 146 | ||||||||
| Coffee, g/d a,c | 34 | ± | 50 | 81 | ± | 82 | 144 | ± | 131 | 324 | ± | 313 | ||||||||
| Green tea, g/d a,c | 285 | ± | 314 | 460 | ± | 407 | 559 | ± | 449 | 802 | ± | 732 | ||||||||
| Potato, g/d a,c | 9 | ± | 9 | 16 | ± | 13 | 19 | ± | 17 | 21 | ± | 25 | ||||||||
| Biscuits and cookies, g/d a,c | 1 | ± | 1 | 2 | ± | 2 | 3 | ± | 3 | 5 | ± | 8 | ||||||||
| Vegetables, g/d a,c | 178 | ± | 118 | 208 | ± | 119 | 221 | ± | 128 | 221 | ± | 138 | ||||||||
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation. a Data are presented as the mean (standard deviation). b Data are presented as the median (interquartile range). c Energy adjusted intake by residual method.