Table 3.
Cytotoxicity of AgNPs against various cancers.
| Malignant Cells | Proposed Systems | Effects | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bladder carcinoma | AgNPs bioreduced by Fusarium oxysporum strain | Apoptosis induced by DNA damage, reduced cellular migration and proliferation, tumor regression | [263] |
| Breast adenocarcinoma | AgNPs bioreduced by Penicillium citrinum strain | Apoptosis induced by DNA damage | [264,265] |
| AgNPs biosynthesized with fineleaf fumitory (Fumaria parviflora), rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), rhubarb (Rheum ribes) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) extracts | Cell death evidenced on distinctive tumor cell lines | [266,267,268,269] | |
| Colorectal cancer | AgNPs biosynthesized with creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata) leaf extract | Cell death induced by apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms | [270] |
| AgNPs biosynthesized with peacock (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) flower extract | Cell death induced by apoptosis and membrane damage | [271] | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | AgNPs bioreduced by Bacillus safensis strain | Cell death induced by apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms | [272] |
| PVP-stabilized AgNPs | Cell death induced by damage of cellular organelles (especially mitochondria) and oxidative stress, upregulation of mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins | [273] | |
| Laryngeal carcinoma | AgNPs bioreduced by Penicillium italicum strain | Cell death induced by ROS-mediated membrane damage and essential enzymes impairment | [274] |
| Lung adenocarcinoma | AgNPs bioreduced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain | Cell death induced by ROS generation and damage of cellular organelles | [275] |
| AgNPs biosynthesized with soursop (Annona muricate) and mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaf extracts | Apoptosis induced by ROS generation, downregulation of antiapoptotic genes and upregulation of proapoptotic genes | [276,277] | |
| Osteosarcoma | AgNPs biosynthesized with cempedak (Artocarpus integer) and mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) leaf extracts and noni (Morinda citrifolia) bark extract | Cell death evidenced on distinctive tumor cell lines, cell death induced by membrane damage and oxidative stress | [278,279,280] |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | AgNPs bioreduced by Bacillus sp. strain | Cell death induced by ROS generation | [281] |