Table 3.
Analysis of the Risk of Bias in the Included Studies.
| Selection Bias | Performance Bias | Detection Bias | Attrition Bias | Reporting Bias | Other Bias | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author and Year | Random Sequence Generation | Concealment of Randomization Sequence | Blinding of Participants |
Blinding of Outcomes Assessors | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Reporting |
Other, Ideally Prespecified |
| Garrido-Ardila, EM et al. (2020) [32] | - | - | + | - | - | - | - |
| LaTorre-Román, PA et al. (2015) [33] | - | ? | + | ? | ? | - | - |
| Tomas-Carus, P et al. (2007) [34] | - | ? | + | ? | ? | - | - |
| Jones, KD et al. (2012) [35] | - | + | + | + | ? | - | - |
| Tomas-Carus, P et al. (2009) [36] | ? | - | + | - | - | - | - |
| Espí-López, GV et al. (2016) [37] | - | - | + | - | - | - | - |
| Kingsley, JD et al. (2005) [38] | - | ? | + | - | - | - | - |
| Collado-Mateo, D et al. (2017) [39] | - | - | + | - | - | - | - |
| Carson, JW et al. (2010) [40] | - | - | + | - | - | - | - |
| Martín-Martínez, JP et al. (2019) [41] | - | - | + | - | - | - | - |
Abbreviations: “+” = high risk of bias, “-” = low risk of bias, “?” = inadequate data for the evaluation.