Table 1.
Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of raw and processed almond kernels (mean f.w., n = 3).
| Cultivar | Raw | Roasted | Blanched | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenolics (mg GAE/g FW) |
Casanova | 0.09B a,b | 0.49A b | 0.04B b | 0.001 |
| Ferragnès | 0.06B b | 0.58A b | 0.05B a,b | 0.001 | |
| Glorieta | 0.05B b | 1.33A a,b | 0.01B c | 0.000 | |
| Molar | 0.09B a,b | 1.16A a,b | 0.02C b,c | 0.007 | |
| Pegarinhos | 0.19B a B | 0.88A a,b | 0.08C a | 0.003 | |
| Refêgo | 0.02B b | 2.66A a | 0.01C c | 0.013 | |
| p value | 0.002 | 0.019 | 0.023 | ||
| Flavonoids (mg CE/g FW) |
Casanova | 0.76A b,c | 1.23A a | 0.09B | 0.002 |
| Ferragnès | 0.59A c | 0.85A a,b | 0.16B | 0.033 | |
| Glorieta | 0.77A b,c | 0.62A a,b | 0.08B | 0.020 | |
| Molar | 1.38A a,b | 0.58A b | 0.06C | 0.000 | |
| Pegarinhos | 0.35A c | 0.44A b | 0.14B | 0.000 | |
| Refêgo | 1.86A a | 0.53A b | 0.11B | 0.001 | |
| p value | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.578 | ||
| DPPH (µg Trolox/g) |
Casanova | 4.02B b | 9.48A b | 0.48C a,b | 0.000 |
| Ferragnès | 2.82B c | 12.96A a | 0.42C b | 0.001 | |
| Glorieta | 1.54B d | 4.86A b | 0.70C a | 0.016 | |
| Molar | 3.37A b,c | 4.51A b | 0.49B a,b | 0.016 | |
| Pegarinhos | 6.42A a | 7.60A b | 0.64B a | 0.004 | |
| Refêgo | 1.01A d | 0.33B c | 0.01C c | 0.000 | |
| p value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.014 | ||
| ABTS (µg Trolox/g) |
Casanova | 8.81B a,b | 13.96A a | 0.47C b | 0.000 |
| Ferragnès | 5.07B c,d | 14.23A a | 0.56C a,b | 0.000 | |
| Glorieta | 2.51B d,e | 8.92A b | 0.44C b | 0.000 | |
| Molar | 7.27A b,c | 8.05A b | 0.52B a,b | 0.000 | |
| Pegarinhos | 11.59A a | 11.14A a,b | 0.68B a | 0.000 | |
| Refêgo | 1.56A e | 2.64A c | 0.41B b | 0.009 | |
| p value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | ||
| ß carotene bleaching assay (% inhibition) |
Casanova | 92.77A a,b | 78.50B | 71.41C | 0.000 |
| Ferragnès | 95.85A a,b | 78.25B | 70.79C | 0.000 | |
| Glorieta | 96.22A a | 80.65B | 67.16C | 0.000 | |
| Molar | 88.60A b,c | 76.08B | 69.75C | 0.005 | |
| Pegarinhos | 84.89A 6c | 71.33B | 62.265C | 0.000 | |
| Refêgo | 89.62A b,c | 80.77A | 67.91B | 0.005 | |
| p value | 0.001 | 0.119 | 0.157 |
Different small letters in front of mean within a column indicate significant differences among cultivars for the same treatment. Different capital letters in front of mean within a row indicate significant differences among treatments for the same cultivar (p < 0.05, ANOVA Tukey’s test).