Table 1.

US county-level distribution of racial bias, COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates, and socioeconomic, demographic, and political variables for the samples of 2994 counties (in models assessing overall rates using Johns Hopkins data) and 957 counties (in models assessing race-disaggregated rates using The New York Times (NYT) data).

Variable	n	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.
Implicit Bias
Unstandardized	2994	0.38	0.14	−1.16	1.42
	957	0.38	0.08	−0.21	0.84
Standardized	2994	0.00	1.00	−10.86	7.24
	957	0.00	1.00	−7.30	5.62
Explicit Bias
Unstandardized	2994	0.40	0.62	−10.00	8.00
	957	0.40	0.38	−1.75	3.33
Standardized	2994	0.00	1.00	−16.86	12.33
	957	0.00	1.00	−5.66	7.73
Covariates
Median Age	2994	41.25	5.27	21.70	67.00
	957	40.12	4.58	24.60	67.00
Percent with Bachelor’s Degree	2994	21.70	9.48	5.38	78.53
	957	24.77	10.77	8.18	74.56
Percent Black	2994	9.08	14.16	0.00	82.61
	957	13.87	17.27	0.01	82.61
Percent in Poverty	2994	15.50	6.19	2.30	55.10
	957	15.23	6.13	3.46	41.75
Percent in Crowded Housing	2994	2.30	1.74	0.00	15.46
	957	2.22	1.47	0.00	13.06
Percent Voting Trump (2016)	2994	63.55	15.21	4.12	91.86
	957	56.30	14.46	9.59	89.96
Population Density	2994	283.03	1834.28	0.24	71,509.98
	957	540.64	3055.53	1.95	71,509.98
Population Size	2994	111,296	371,533	463	10,000,000
	957	195,433	448,658	3838	8,336,817
Mortality Rate (per 10,000)
Overall Mortality Rate, 7/1/20	2994	1.72	3.33	0.00	37.84
	957	3.15	4.42	0.00	37.84
Incidence Rate (per 10,000)
Overall Incidence Rate, 7/1/20	2994	52.12	77.21	0.00	1319.57
	957	82.05	86.57	0.00	864.93
White Incidence Rate, 5/28/20	957	16.48	27.51	0.00	455.00
Black Incidence Rate, 5/28/20	957	35.59	92.45	0.00	1181.00
Black–White Incidence Rate Gap, 5/28/20	957	19.11	78.80	−204.00	1069.00

SD = standard deviation. While there were 3142 counties for which we had data on any given variable, our adjusted models had either 2994 counties (for overall rate models) or 957 counties (for race-disaggregated rate models) as these were the counties which had information on all model-relevant variables. Above, we report averages for the 2994 and 957 county sets to demonstrate similarities and differences between county sets. Unstandardized exposure summary statistics provide a sense of aggregate racial bias central tendency, which trend slightly above 0 (indicating general pro-White bias). Standardized exposure measures provide ease of comparability against regression coefficients, which are x-standardized and reported later.