Figure 6.

Overexpression of GsAAE3 in A. thaliana. (A,D) Cd and Al tolerances phenotypes of overexpressing GsAAE3 in transgenic A. thaliana lines. (B,E) Statistical analysis of relative root elongation. (C,F) The effect of Cd and Al stresses on oxalate content in wild-type and transgenic A. thaliana lines. Four days after vernalization, the T₃ transgenic seeds (OE3 and OE8) and the wild-type (columbia-0) were cultivated on the Cd concentration gradients agar medium added with 0, 25, and 50 μM CdCl₂ or Al concentration gradients agar medium added with 0, 25, and 50 μM AlCl₃. After 7 days in culture, the images of the phenotypes of the GsAAE3 transgenic lines were recorded for statistical analysis. The root elongation was measured using Image J software (n = 3). After treatment, the roots of A. thaliana were ground into fine powder with liquid nitrogen and then extracted with distilled water for oxalate content analysis (n = 3). All data are presented as means ± SD. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference, using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test (p ≤ 0.05).