Table 1.
Characteristics of mothers and infants who did vs. did not experience housing insecurity during pregnancy Ϯ (N = 3428 mother–infant dyads), the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, 1998–2000.
| No Severe Housing Insecurity during Pregnancy (N = 3373) | Severe Housing Insecurity during Pregnancy (N = 55) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Factors (Measured at Birth) | ||
| Age | ||
| <20 | 623 (18%) | 11 (20%) |
| 20–35 | 2446 (73%) | 38 (69%) |
| ≥35 | 304 (9%) | 6 (11%) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 658 (20%) | 6 (11%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1599 (47%) | 42 (76%) |
| Hispanic | 973 (29%) | 6 (11%) |
| Other/missing | 143 (4%) | 1 (2%) |
| % Federal Poverty | ||
| <50% | 637 (19%) | 15 (27%) |
| 50–99% | 594 (18%) | 18 (33%) |
| 100–199% | 882 (26%) | 16 (29%) |
| ≥200% | 1260 (37%) | 6 (11%) |
| Education | ||
| <High school | 1220 (36%) | 38 (69%) |
| High school/GED | 1022 (30%) | 9 (16%) |
| Some college | 796 (24%) | 7 (13%) |
| ≥College degree | 331 (10%) | 1 (2%) |
| Missing | 4 (<1%) | 0 |
| Married | 790 (23%) | 3 (5%) |
| Pre-pregnancy mental health problems | 409 (12%) | 35 (64%) |
| Substance use during pregnancy | ||
| Tobacco | 669 (20%) | 28 (51%) |
| Alcohol | 248 (7%) | 14 (25%) |
| Drugs | 308 (9%) | 24 (44%) |
| Maternal preexisting conditions * | 1406 (42%) | 35 (64%) |
| Infant factors | ||
| Female sex | 1611 (48%) | 31 (56%) |
* hypertension, renal disease, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease, and/or anemia. Ϯ All p-values <0.05 with the exception of maternal age and infant sex.